WELLSTOBIES 


FOR 

LITTLE  FOLK5 


FAR1NHOLT  JONES  KD 


BIOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 


KEEP -WELL  STORIES 
FOR  LITTLE  FOLKS 


KEEP-WELL  STORIES 
FOR  LITTLE  FOLKS 


BY 

MAY  FARINHOLT-JONES,  M.D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  HYGIENE  AND  SANITATION,  AND  RESIDENT  PHYSICIAN 
MISSISSIPPI  NORMAL  COLLEGE 


ILLUSTRATED  BY 

PAULINE  WRIGHT 

SOPHIE  NBWCOMB  COLLEGE 


PHILADELPHIA  &  LONDON 
J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 


BIOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 

COPVRIQHT,    I9l6,   BT  J.  B.   LIPPINCOTT   COMPART? 


PRINTED   BY  J.   B.   LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

AT  THE  WASHINGTON  SQUARE  PRESS 

PHILADELPHIA,  U.  8.  A. 


FOREWORD 

The  Author,  in  her  work  with  young  teachers,  has 
frequently  noted  the  great  difficulty  they  seem  to  have 
in  presenting  hygienic  facts  to  little  children  in  a  man- 
ner so  attractive  as  to  catch  and  hold  their  attention. 

The  child's  mind  dwells  constantly  in  the  realm  of 
imagination;  dry  facts  are  too  prosaic  to  enter  this 
realm.  The  "Land  of  Story  Books"  is  the  most  fasci- 
nating of  all  lands,  and  therefore  the  Author  has  endeav- 
ored to  weave  hygienic  facts  into  stories  that  will  appeal 
to  the  child's  imagination.  She  believes  the  truths  of 
hygienic  living  and  habits  in  the  stories  will  "  creep  up 
on  the  blind  side,"  so  to  speak,  and  impress  themselves 
upon  the  young  mind. 

The  child  can  appreciate  only  those  hygienic  facts 
which  can  be  applied  in  every-day  living:  he  has  no 
interest  in  health  as  an  end  in  itself.  Furthermore,  that 
instruction  in  hygiene  which  is  given  as  an  end  in  itself, 
and  which  does  not  reach  beyond  the  school-room  in  its 
influence,  is  a  failure.  Therefore,  that  instruction  in 
hygiene  which  is  in  line  with  the  child's  interest  is  also 
the  instruction  which  is  most  effective. 

The  effort  throughout  has  been  to  make  scientific 
truths  simple  and  concrete,  and  so  captivating  that  the 
young  pupil  will  at  once  find  interest  in  them.  The 
early  years  of  child-life  are  the  most  impressionable;  it 
is,  therefore,  especially  important  that  we  stress  during 
these  years  that  which  means  more  to  the  conservation 
of  life  than  any  other  one  thing,  viz.,  hygiene. 

V 

519027 


vi  FOREWORD 

Lessons  of  personal  cleanliness,  the  necessity  for 
good  food,  fresh  air  and  exercise  are  the  truths  which 
are  the  underlying  principles  of  these  stories.  With 
these  as  suggestions,  the  teacher  may  easily  develop 
further. 

The  mother  as  well  as  the  teacher  will  find  them 
helpful  as  she  gathers  her  little  ones  around  her  knee  at 
the  evening  hour,  in  response  to  the  request  for  "a 
story." 

The  questions  following  each  story,  a  kind  of  cate- 
chism, supply  more  information  than  it  was  thought 
best  to  give  in  the  story  itself. 

The  illustrations  have  been  prepared  especially  for 
this  work  and  make  the  lessons  of  the  story  more 
impressive. 

The  Author  desires  to  acknowledge  her  obligations 
to  Mr.  Charles  Jerome  for  permission  to  use  "The 
Sand  Bed";  to  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  for  "The  White  Ship,"  and  "Clovis,  The  Boy 
King,"  by  Miss  Christine  Tinling.  To  Misses  Marion 
Chafee  and  Bessie  McCann,  students  of  the  Hygiene 
Department  of  the  Mississippi  Normal  College  for  the 
"Hygiene  Song"  and  "Little  Fairies":  also  to  Miss  M. 
Larsen  for  "One  Little  Girl"  and  the  poem,  "Jack 
Frost" 5  to  Mr.  0.  S.  Hoffman  for  the  poem,  "The 
Five  Best  Doctors,"  to  Messrs.  Flanagan  and  Company, 
for  permission  to  use  the  anonymous  poem,  "Merry 
Sunshine,"  and  to  Miss  Virginia  R.  Grundy  for  "A 
Child's  Calendar.  M.  F.  J. 

JULY,  1916. 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

THE  WONDERFUL  ENGINE 1 

Two  LITTLE  PLANTS 6 

THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY 11 

SWAT  THE  FLY 18 

THE  STORY  OF  THE  RAIN  BARREL 19 

MALARIA 24 

JACK  FROST 29 

JACK  FROST,  A  POEM 34 

A  STORY  OF  TUBERCULOSIS 35 

IT  is  TIME  THAT  You  SHOULD  STOP 41 

A  TRUE  STORY 42 

Two  LITTLE  WINDOWS 46 

MERRY  SUNSHINE 50 

A  WONDERFUL  STREAM 52 

Two  MILLS 57 

A  CHILD'S  CALENDAR 61 

THE  TOOTHBRUSH  BRIGADE 62 

MR.  FLY  AND  MRS.  MOSQUITO 64 

A  HYGIENE  SONG 70 

OUR  LITTLE  ENEMIES. 71 

ONE  LITTLE  GIRL 77 

CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING 78 

WHAT  TEMPERANCE  BRINGS 85 

vii 


viii  CONTENTS 

THE  WHITE  SHIP 86 

A  QUEER  CASE 94 

BREATHE  MORE 97 

THE  LITTLE  GIRL  AND  THE  BUTTERFLY 97 

LITTLE  BAREFOOT 103 

THE  LITTLE  FAIRIES 107 

THE  RED  CROSS  SEAL. Ill 

THE  SAND  BED 119 

THE  HOUSE  THAT  JACK  BUILT 120 

A  NEW  STORY  OF  THE  LION  AND  THE  MOUSE  . .  124 

FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED  AND  THE  BOY  SCOUTS  127 

AN  INVITATION 131 

A  GREAT  FIGHT 132 

THE  FIVE  BEST  DOCTORS 135 

GLOSSARY.  136 


KEEP-WELL  STORIES 
FOR  LITTLE  FOLKS 


A  WONDEKFUL  ENGINE 

We  all  have  seen  a  steam  engine,  have  we  not  ? 
There  are  engines  that  pull  trains  on  the  railroad, 
and  there  are  engines  that  make  factories,  gins, 
and  saw-mills  work.  Then  there  are  engines  that 
run  great  ships  on  the  water.  How  many  know 
what  must  be  done  to  one  of  these  engines  before 
it  can  do  all  this  work  ?  "  It  must  have  coal,  or 
wood,  or  gasoline  put  into  it."  That  is  right. 

Now  this  coal  or  wood  or  gasoline,  when  it  is 
used  in  an  engine  to  make  it  work,  is  called  fuel. 
Would  we  put  rotten  or  green  wood  into  the  en- 

1 


2  A  WONDERFUL  ENGINE 

gine  ?  No.  We  must  always  put  in  the  kind  of 
thing  that  will  burn  best,  and  make  the  most  heat 
and  do  the  most  work. 

Let  us  see  how  this  wood  or  coal  we  call  fuel 
makes  the  engine  work.  First,  we  must  burn  the 
fuel.  Second,  when  the  fuel  burns,  it  heats  the 
water  in  the  boiler.  Third,  the  water  changes 
into  steam,  and  this  steam  gives  the  engine  the 
power  to  work. 

Now  we  see  how  an  engine  is  made  to  move 
and  do  work,  such  as  hauling  great  trains  of  cars, 
and  pulling  great  ships  across  the  wide  ocean. 
But  we  must  remember  that  the  engine  will  not 
do  this  work  unless  there  is  a  man  near-by  to  put 
the  fuel  into  the  engine. 

I  want  to  tell  you  of  another  engine  that  is 
very  like  the  steam  engine.  It  too  must  have 
fuel  before  it  can  run  or  work.  It  is  unlike  the 
steam  engine  in  as  much  as  it  grows  all  the  time, 
and  it  does  not  need  to  have  an  extra  man  to  put 
the  fuel  into  it.  You  must  think  of  your  body  as 
an  engine  and  remember  that  it  needs  fuel  to  run 
it.  The  fuel  that  makes  the  body-engine  move 
and  work  is  the  food  you  eat. 


A  WONDERFUL  ENGINE  3 

You  have  learned  that  you  must  put  into  the 
steam  engine  the  fuel  that  will  burn  best  and 
make  the  most  heat  and  work.  The  same  thing 
is  true  of  your  body-engine.  You  must  put  in 
the  fuel  that  will  best  make  heat  and  the  power 
to  work.  Have  you  sometimes  eaten  something 
which  made  you  sick  ?  It  must  have  been  that 
that  was  the  wrong  kind  of  fuel  for  the  little 
body-engine.  This  is  the  reason  our  mothers  are 
so  very  careful  in  preparing  our  food.  They 
want  the  little  engines  to  have  the  right  kind  of 
fuel  so  that  they  will  not  run  off  the  track. 

Now  what  fuel  must  you  use  in  your  body- 
engine  ?  In  the  first  place  you  must  put  in  fuel 
that  will  make  the  engine  grow  so  that  it  can  do 
a  great  deal  of  work.  This  fuel  you  get  when 
you  eat  lean  meat,  eggs,  milk,  and  many  other 
things. 

If  you  want  your  engine  to  keep  warm,  you 
must  use  fuel  that  will  make  heat.  You  get  this 
fuel  by  eating  plenty  of  fats,  such  as  nice  butter 
and  some  sweet  things.  Potatoes,  rice  and  syrup 
help  to  run  your  engine. 

You  need  some  fuel  that  will  make  you  plump 


A  A  WONDERFUL  ENGINE 

and  round  and  healthy  looking,  so  you  must  put 
into  your  engine  fruits,  nuts,  a  little  candy,  and  a 
lot  of  vegetables.  You  need  to  eat  things  that 
have  color,  such  as :  tomatoes,  lettuce,  greens, 
and  beets, — not  because  they  look  pretty,  but 
because  they  have  iron  in  them  and  help  to  make 
your  engine  strong. 

You  must  remember  that  you  eat  food  for 
three  reasons :  to  make  you  grow,  keep  warm, 
and  able  to  work.  You  must  be  careful  that  you 
do  not  eat  too  much  of  any  one  kind  of  food,  but 
remember  to  eat  a  little  of  many  kinds.  Your 
engine  can  use  only  a  little  of  each  at  one  time. 

Wood  is  chopped  into  short  pieces,  and  coal 
is  broken  up  before  it  will  do  good  work  in  the 
engine,  so  the  fuel  must  be  prepared  before  it  will 
suit  your  engine.  It  must  be  well  cooked  and 
then  chewed  thoroughly  before  it  will  do  its  best 
work  in  your  body-engine.  You  should  be  care- 
ful not  to  swallow  any  food  until  it  has  been 
chewed  as  fine  as  it  can  be. 

If  you  put  into  your  engine  the  right  amount 
of  food,  and  the  right  kind  of  well-prepared  food, 
you  will  have  an  engine  more  wonderful  than  any 


A  WONDERFUL  ENGINE  5 

steam  engine  that  ever  pulled  a  train,  or  carried 
a  big  ship  across  the  wide  ocean. 

The  engineer  sees  that  his  engine  is  kept  clean 
and  bright,  in  order  that  it  may  run  smoothly. 
Since  you  are  the  engineer  of  your  body-engine, 
you  must  keep  it  neat  and  clean  that  it  may 
work  well. 


QUESTIONS 

1.  What  is  it  that  causes  the  big  steam  engine  to 
do  its  work,  draw  long  trains,  or  big  ships,  or  turn 
great  factory  wheels  ? 

2.  What  must  happen  to  this  fuel — wood,  coal,  or 
gasoline — before  it  can  make  the  engine  do  its  work  ? 

3.  Did  you  ever  wonder  why  it  is  that  your  body 
is  always  warm  ?    It  is  very  much  like  the  engine. 

4.  What  do  you  call  this  fuel  that  your  body-engine 
uses?  Just  as  the  fuel  for  the  steam  engine  must  be  burned 
if  it  is  to  make  heat,  even  so  must  the  food  be  burned 
in  your  body  if  it  is  to  keep  it  warm  and  able  to  work. 
Of  course  the  food  in  your  body  does  not  burn  exactly 
as  the  wood  and  coal  burn  in  the  steam  engine*    It 


6  TWO  LITTLE  PLANTS 

burns  much  more  slowly — so  slowly  that  you  would 
not  know  that  it  burns  at  all  if  it  were  not  that  it  al- 
ways keeps  your  body  warm. 

Just  as  the  steam  engine  needs  the  fuel  if  it  is  to 
do  its  work  well,  your  body  needs  the  best  of  food  if  it 
is  to  be  healthy  and  do  the  best  work.  You  have 
learned  that  all  foods  do  not  serve  the  same  purpose 
equally  well.  For  instance,  some  foods  such  as  lean 
meat,  eggs,  and  milk  build  up  more  muscle  than  other 
foods  do;  while  others,  such  as  fats,  syrup,  sugar  and 
potatoes,  give  more  heat  than  other  foods. 

5.  What  do  all  colored  vegetables  contain  ? 

6.  What  kinds  of  foods  do  people  living  in  the  very 
cold  climates  need  a  great  deal  of  ? 

7.  What  kinds  of  foods  do  people  living  in  very 
warm  climates  need  a  great  deal  of  ? 


TWO  LITTLE  PLANTS 

Look  at  this  lovely  little  plant  with  its  pretty 
bright  leaves  and  beautiful  pink  blossoms.  Well 
may  we  ask  what  makes  the  little  plant  so  healthy, 
strong,  and  pretty.  It  is  a  delight  to  the  eye. 

Now  here  is  another  little  plant.  It  belongs 
to  the  same  family.  The  same  kind  of  seed  was 
planted,  and  when  its  tiny  leaves  began  to  peep 


TWO  LITTLE  PLANTS 


P.W. 


above  the  ground,  it  seemed  to  have  as  good  a 
chance  as  its  little  sister  plant.  But  the  leaves 
are  pale  and  drooping ;  they  look  sick.  It  has  no 
pretty  blossoms.  Its  stems  are  withered  and  weak ; 
it  can  hardly  hold  its  little  leaves  up.  "Poor  little 
sickly  looking  plant/'  its  strong  and  rosy  little 
sister  seems  to  say. 

Let  us  see  if  we  can  find  a  reason  for  the 
difference  between  the  two  plants.  I  do  not  be- 
lieve that  it  will  take  us  long  to  find  the  cause  of 
the  sickness,  for  it  is  sick  just  like  a  little  child. 

Mother  Nature  prepares  a  special  food  for  all 
her  children,  food  for  the  little  plant  children  as 
well  as  for  the  little  babies  in  our  homes,  and 


8  TWO  LITTLE  PLANTS 

food  for  the  little  piggies  and  the  frisky  little 
calves  out  in  the  barn. 

When  mother  feeds  little  baby  brother  she 
gives  him  nice  warm,  sweet  milk,  because  that  is 
the  food  that  he  needs  to  make  him  grow  big  and 
strong.  Mother  Nature  knows  that  the  little 
babies  and  the  little  calves  and  pigs  need  this  fresh 
warm  milk,  so  she  prepares  it  all  ready  for  them. 

When  we  plant  seed  in  the  ground,  the  soft, 
warm  dark  earth  furnishes  food  for  the  little  seed, 
until  its  leaves  and  stems  are  above  the  ground. 
Its  little  roots  run  down  into  the  moist,  mellow  soil 
and  drink  up  the  food  Mother  Nature  has  there 
for  it.  The  warm  sun  shines  down  on  the  little 
plant  and  makes  it  green,  and  the  pure  air  helps  to 
make  its  stems  strong  and  sturdy  that  it  may  hold 
its  leaves  and  blossoms  up  for  the  passersby  to  enjoy. 

What  a  beautiful  sight  it  is  as  it  seems  to  nod 
a  morning  greeting  of  cheer  and  good  health. 

Now  the  little  plant  with  the  pretty  bright 
leaves  and  wonderful  pink  blossoms  has  had  all 
the  water  and  mellow  soil  and  warm  sunshine  it 
needed  to  make  it  grow,  from  a  tiny  plant  into 
the  large  handsome  one  we  see. 


TWO  LITTLE  PLANTS  9 

The  little  sister  plant  with  its  sick,  pale  leaves 
and  no  blossoms  has  not  been  treated  kindly. 
When  it  was  just  a  baby  plant  it  did  not  have 
enough  water  to  drink.  The  soil  in  which  it 
was  planted  was  poor,  and  did  not  have  enough 
food  to  feed  the  tiny  baby  plant.  The  poor  little 
plant  was  shut  away  from  the  bright  sunshine  and 
the  clean,  fresh  air.  Now  its  leaves  hang  down  as 
if  it  were  saying,  "  I  am  so  sick  ;  give  me  some 
water  to  drink,  give  me  some  food  to  make  my 
stems  strong,  give  me  some  sunshine  and  fresh  air 
to  warm  me  and  make  the  nice  green  color 
come  into  my  leaves  I" 

We  may  give  the  little  plant  all  that  it  asks 
for,  and  help  it  a  great  deal.  In  a  few  days  the 
color  will  begin  to  come  into  its  leaves  and  its 
stems  will  look  stronger,  but  we  doubt  if  the  little 
neglected  plant  will  ever  become  as  strong  as  the 
little  sister  plant  which  has  had  all  the  good  soil, 
water,  air  and  sunshine  that  it  needed  when  it 
was  a  baby  plant. 

Little  boys  and  girls  need  things  to  make  them 
strong  just  as  the  little  plants  do.  They  need  sim- 
ple, pure  food  to  make  strong  bone  and  muscle, 


10  TWO  LITTLE  PLANTS 

pure  water  to  drink,  and  to  bathe  their  bodies 
with ;  fresh  air  to  breathe  ;  and  sunshine  to  give 
color  to  their  cheeks  and  sparkle  to  their  eyes. 
If  the  little  folks  do  not  have  the  things  that 
Mother  Nature  intended  for  them,  they  will  grow 
thin  and  twisted  like  the  little  sick  plant.  Their 
cheeks  will  grow  pale  and  their  eyes  will  look 
dull  and  heavy  and  lose  their  sparkle.  They  will 
not  want  to  romp  and  play  as  all  healthy  children 
do.  They  will  not  want  to  go  to  school. 

Little  children  who  are  ruddy  and  strong  like 
the  first  little  plant  have  mothers  who  see  that 
they  get  all  the  food  they  need  and  plenty  of  pure 
water  to  drink ;  that  they  keep  their  bodies  clean 
and  play  in  the  sunshine  and  breathe  fresh  air. 

These  little  girls  and  boys  are  in  all  the  games. 
They  love  to  run  and  play.  They  will  grow  into 
strong  men  and  women  and  be  ready  to  do  the 
work  for  which  they  were  created. 

If  the  little  green  plant  is  shut  away  in  the 
dark,  out  of  the  sunshine  and  fresh  air,  it  will  soon 
droop  and  die.  Children  are  human  plants  and 
need  the  same  care  and  treatment  that  should  be 
given  other  plants. 


THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY  11 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Why  was  it  that  one  of  the  little  plants  in  the 
story  was  so  healthy  and  strong,  while  its  sister  plant 
was  weak  and  sickly  ? 

2.  Did  you  ever  see  a  boy  or  girl  who  did  not  have 
enough  wholesome  food  to  eat,  enough  fresh  air  to 
breathe,  and  enough  sunshine  to  give  a  healthy  color 
to  his  or  her  cheeks  ? 

3.  What  kind  of  a  big  boy  or  girl  will  such  a  child 
grow  to  be  ? 

4.  If  we  are  to  grow  into  strong,  healthy,  hardy, 
robust  boys  and  girls — men  and  women — what  rules 
must  we  obey  ? 


THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY 

I  was  hatched  one  sunny  day  in  May  in  the 
nicest,  warmest,  dirtiest  spot  you  ever  saw.  It 
was  in  a  barnyard  heap,  just  outside  a  city,  that 
I  first  saw  the  light.  I  was  not  very  old  before  I 
had  to  take  care  of  myself,  so  you  may  know  I 
was  glad  that  I  had  opened  my  eyes  for  the  first 
time  in  such  a  dirty  place,  because  it  is  much 
easier  for  a  baby  fly  to  take  care  of  himself  in  a 
dirty  place  than  in  a  clean  one. 


12  THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY 

My  good  mother  knew  this  when  she  flew 
away  that  May  morning  and  left  the  tiny  egg, 
from  which  I  came,  to  Dame  Nature  to  care  for. 
Mother  Fly  knew  that  warmth,  dirt,  and  moisture 
were  all  that  a  baby  fly  needed  in  its  infant  days. 
She  knew  that  the  dump-heap  at  the  barn  made 
the  nicest  kind  of  cradle  for  her  baby,  and 
it  was  rent-free  to  all  the  mother  flies  in  the 
neighborhood. 

Day  by  day,  I  grew  and  soon  began  to  take 
notice  of  things  around  me.  It  was  not  long- 
before  I  saw  that  some  of  the  other  baby  flies 
which  were  in  the  dump-heap  with  me  had  grown 
some  beautiful  gauzy  wings.  On  these  wings  they 
began  making  daily  visits  from  our  fly-nursery  to 
a  near-by  farm-house.  When  they  came  back 
from  these  visits,  they  would  talk  long  and  loud 
about  the  good  time  they  had,  and  the  nice  things 
they  had  to  eat  in  the  great  world  outside  the 
dump-heap. 

I  was  mighty  glad  that  my  wings  were  grow- 
ing stronger  each  day.  One  morning,  bright  and 
early,  I  sailed  away  on  my  beautiful  wings  to  see 
if  all  the  wonderful  things  my  little  fly  friends  had 


THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY  13 

told  me  were  true.  I  followed  the  lead  of  my 
friends,  and  we  soon  came  to  that  same  farm- 
house. First,  we  went  to  a  door — a  screen  they 
called  it — and  tried  hard  to  get  through.  To  our 
great  disappointment,  we  could  not  get  through  ; 
the  screen  was  closed  tight.  One  little  fly  said, 
"I  will  find  a  way  in,  I  don't  believe  the  folks 
who  live  here  have  been  so  careful  with  the 
kitchen  door."  So  we  flew  away,  and  sure  enough 
the  kitchen  screen  door  was  standing  ajar,  with 
just  enough  of  a  crack  in  it  for  a  busy  little  fly  to 
slip  through  into  the  kitchen.  I  was  next  to  the 
last  one  to  get  through ;  and,  alas !  when  I  did 
get  in,  you  never  saw  such  a  disappointed  little 
fly  in  your  life.  Everything  looked  very  clean, 
too  clean  for  me  to  enjoy  it.  Presently,  one  of 
my  friends  called  to  me  and  0  joy  !  he  had  found 
some  soiled  dishes  and  bits  of  food  on  a  table,  just 
the  thing  for  a  tired,  hungry  little  fly.  The  sugar 
bowl  was  uncovered,  and,  oh,  how  I  did  eat,  for 
I  dote  on  nice,  sweet  sugar. 

The  pantry  door  stood  ajar,  and  I  could  see 
some  nice  things  to  eat  in  there  also.  After  we 
had  feasted  on  the  good  things  in  the  kitchen,  we 


14 


THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY 


flew  into  the  dining-room.  There  on  the  table 
was  a  pitcher  filled  with  milk.  I  jumped  into  the 
pitcher  and  took  a  nice  bath  and  a  good  swim. 
I  came  out  very  much  refreshed,  for  I  had  left 
there  in  the  milk  pitcher  all  the  dirt  I  had  gath- 
ered on  my  feet  and  body  in  my  early  life.  I 
walked  much  better.  I  walked  all  over  the  food 
which  was  on  the  table  and  I  also  walked  on  the 
baby's  bottle  which  was  on  a  nearby  shelf. 


While  I  was  thinking  what  I  would  do  next, 
a  lady  came  into  the  room.  She  had  a  dear  lit- 
tle baby  in  her  arms.  You  know  how  I  love  little 
babies.  I  love  to  tickle  their  noses  and  to  lick 
the  sweets  from  their  juicy  little  mouths.  I  sat 
and  watched  the  little  fellow,  awaiting  my  chance 
to  make  his  acquaintance.  Presently  the  lady 


THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY  15 

gave  the  baby  some  milk  to  drink  from  the  pitcher 
in  which  I  had  had  such  a  nice  bath.  After  the 
little  fellow  was  fed,  the  lady  put  him  to  sleep  and 
laid  him  in  his  crib  in  the  next  room  for  his  morn- 
ing nap.  My  friends  told  me  to  come  with  them 
into  this  room,  the  nursery.  The  lady  had  forgot- 
ten to  put  a  net  over  the  little  fellow  ;  so  I  crawled 
around  and  ate  some  sugar  from  his  lips.  It  tasted 
so  good  that  I  crawled  almost  into  his  mouth. 

Since  that  happy  morning,  I  have  spent  almost 
every  day  between  the  farm-house  and  out-houses. 
I  have  my  daily  bath  in  the  milk  pitcher  and  my 
dinner  from  the  nice  juicy  food  on  the  table.  Very 
often  I  get  my  lunch  of  sweets  from  the  corners 
of  the  baby's  mouth,  and  I  like  this  best  of  all. 

For  several  days  I  have  felt  lonely.  I  noticed 
that  the  baby  did  not  come  to  the  dining-room  to 
get  his  milk  and  sugar.  I  kept  wondering  why 
he  did  not  come,  and  finally  I  wandered  into  the 
nursery  to  see  for  myself.  What  do  you  think  ? 
The  baby  was  lying  in  his  crib  all  red  and  hot. 
While  his  mother  was  busy,  I  crawled  on  his 
mouth  to  see  if  there  was  any  sugar  in  the  corners 
for  a  lunch.  Then  away  I  flew. 


16  THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY 

This  morning  I  flew  over  to  the  farm-house 
again,  through  the  kitchen  door,  and  into  the 
nursery.  I  thought  I  would  find  a  glass  of  milk 
and  have  a  nice  bath  and  my  breakfast.  But, 
alas !  the  baby  was  not  in  his  crib.  The  room 
was  so  still  and  cold  it  frightened  me  and  I  flew 
out.  I  saw  several  strange  men  and  women  ; 
the  women  were  all  crying  and  the  men  looked 
sad.  A  man  was  fastening  something  white  on 
the  front  door.  I  tried  to  understand  it  all,  but  I 
could  not  catch  any  word  except  "  TYPHOID."  I 
wonder  what  that  means,  anyhow?  As  no  one 
will  tell  me,  I  must  be  off  to  the  next  farm-house 
to  hunt  a  good  dinner. 

This  was  a  sensible  fly,  do  you  not  think  so, 
children?  Thousands  of  other  flies  might  tell  the 
same  story  if  we  would  only  watch  their  habits 
and  listen  to  what  they  have  to  say. 

QUESTIONS 

1.  I  wonder  if  any  of  you  can  guess  what  was  the 
matter  with  the  baby  on  the  morning  the  fly  found  it 
red  and  hot? 

2.  What  had  happened  when  the  fly  went  back 
to  it? 


THE  STORY  OF  A  FLY  17 

3.  What  caused  the  baby  to  have  typhoid  fever? 

4.  What  is  a  germ? 

5.  Where  did  the  little  fly  say  he  was  hatched?    It 
is  in  such  places  as  this — in  stables  and  other  filthy 
places — that  all  flies  are  hatched  and  raised.    They  all 
like  good  things  to  eat.    Flies  can  smell  a  good  thing  to 
eat  a  long  way  off  5  so  they  soon  find  their  way  to  the 
kitchen  and  dining-room.    On  their  way  to  the  kitchen, 
they  often  stop  by  the  out-houses  and  gather  on  their 
feet  and  legs  a  lot  of  dirt  and  germs.    I  must  tell  you 
now  that  the  fly  can  get  the  typhoid  germ  or  plant  only 
from  human  filth. 

NOTE. — The  teacher  should  have  an  inexpensive  microscope  and  show 
the  children  a  fly, — its  head  and  its  feet  especially. 

6.  Have  you  ever  seen  a  fly  under  a  magnifying 
glass?  On  the  bottom  of  the  fly's  feet  are  little  glue-like 
pads  and  a  number  of  little  hairs  on  his  body  and  feet,  to 
which  germs  and  bits  of  dirt  stick.    The  fly  in  this  story 
had  come  to  the  farm-house  for  the  first  time,  you  know, 
when  he  found  the  pitcher  of  milk  and  had  such  a  nice 
bath.    He  had  been  gathering  germs  and  dirt  on  his  feet, 
both  from  his  early  home  in  the  barn-yard  and  from  the 
out-house  at  which  he  stopped  on  his  way.     Some  of 
these  germs  gathered  at  the  out-house  had  come  from 
some  person  who  had  typhoid  fever.     As  he  crawled 
over  the  baby's  bottle  and  its  little  mouth,  he  left 
some  of  the  germs  there  and  he  left  some  in  the  milk 
pitcher  also.    It  was  careless  of  the  mother  to  give  her 
baby  milk  that  was  not  covered.    The  mother  did  not 
know  she  was  giving  the  baby  milk  in  which  there  were 
these  little  plants,  or  germs,  which  cause  typhoid  fever. 


18  SWAT  THE  FLY 

You  have  learned  that  the  house-fly  carries  the  seed, 
or  germs,  of  typhoid.  These  germs,  or  seed,  will  grow 
and  multiply  in  the  body.  So  you  should  never  leave 
food  uncovered  where  a  fly  can  get  to  it. 

7.  Since  you  know  where  house-flies  are  hatched  and 
bred,  what  may  you  do  to  keep  them  from  multiplying? 

8.  What  else  can  be  done  to  make  sure  that  no  germ 
can  get  to  our  food  or  drink? 

SWAT  THE   PLY 
S   is  for  Sunshine,  keeps  nature  clean, 

And  makes  Mr.  Fly  feeble  and  lean. 
W  is  for  Waste,  where  the  fly  breeds, 

The  fouler,  the  better  it  suits  his  needs. 

A  is  for  Anything  dirty  and  vile, 

On  which  the  children  may  spend  a  short  while. 
T  is  for  Typhoid,  whose  best  friend  is  the  fly, 

It  makes  thousands  to  sicken  and  hundreds  to 
die. 

T  is  for  Trouble  he  brings  to  us  all, 

Prom  Spring's  early  green  until  far  into  Fall. 
H  is  for  Housewife,  his  unceasing  foe, 

Who  traps,  swats  and  otherwise  brings  him  to 
woe. 

E  is  for  Energy  she  puts  into  work, 

So  long  as  there  is  one  left  she  will  never  shirk. 


THE  STORY  OF  THE  RAIN  BARREL  19 

F  stands  for  Friends  of  which  he  has  none. 
If  you  look  for  his  foes  you  may  count  me 
as  one. 

L  stands  for  Labor,  which  is  always  well  spent, 
If  it  keeps  Mr.  Fly  from  enjoying  content. 

Y  stands  for  You,  who  will  help  in  the  task, 
Kill  each  fly  you  can  is  all  we  ask. 

Author  Unknown. 


THE    STORY  OF  THE   RAIN   BARREL 

0  John !  did  you  know  that  I  almost  fell  on 
my  head  into  the  rain  barrel  at  the  corner  of  the 
house  this  morning  ?  I  was  looking  at  the  picture 
of  myself  in  the  water,  when,  all  of  a  sudden,  I 
saw  the  funniest  little  things  darting  everywhere 
in  the  water.  I  forgot  to  look  at  myself  or  to  make 
any  more  faces  at  the  broad  face  of  the  little  boy 
at  the  bottom  of  the  rain  barrel.  There  were 
lots  of  these  queer  little  things  in  the  rain  water. 
They  were  turning  somersaults  and  standing  on 
their  heads  every  few  minutes.  Here  is  a  picture 
of  one.  I  tried  to  catch  some  in  my  hands,  but 


20  THE  STORY  OF  THE  RAIN  BARREL 

they  were  too  quick  for  me  ;  they  would  just 
wiggle  out  of  reach.  This  was  why  I  nearly  fell 
on  my  head. 

I  ran  into  the  house  to  ask  Mother  about 
them.  Mothers  know  a  lot,  don't  they,  John? 
At  least,  mine  does.  I  just  knew  she  could  tell 
me  all  about  these  queer  little  things  in  the  rain 
barrel.  When  I  asked  her  to  tell  me,  she  put  her 
sewing  down  and  went  to  the  rain  barrel  with  me. 
As  soon  as  she  looked  she  said  she  was  so  glad 
that  I  had  come  for  her,  that  she  would  tell  me 
all  about  these  little  "wiggle-tails,"  and  that  I 
could  help  her  destroy  them,  as  they  would  do 
much  harm  if  they  grew  up. 

She  said  that  they  were  the  little  baby  mos- 
quitoes. Isn't  that  funny  ?  I  did  not  know  that 
mosquitoes  lived  in  the  water,  even  when  they 
were  babies,  did  you  ?  I  will  tell  you  just  what 
Mother  said.  She  said  that  if  I  were  near  a  pond 
or  rain  barrel,  or  even  an  old  tin  can,  in  which 
water  was  standing,  early  in  the  morning  before 
the  sun  was  up,  I  could  hear  Mrs.  Mosquito  come 
singing  merrily  to  the  water,  and  that  if  I  watched 
and  did  not  disturb  her,  I  could  see  her  rest  lightly 


THE  STORY  OF  THE  RAIN  BARREL  21 

on  the  water  and  lay  her  eggs  there  in  a  little 
brown  boat  or  raft-shaped  mass,  little  eggs  like 
these.  The  mosquito  mother  now  thinks  her 
duty  to  her  children  is  done,  for,  after  she  lays 
her  eggs  on  the  water,  she  goes  off  singing, 
never  thinking  of  them  again. 

If  nothing  disturbs  it,  the  boat  of  eggs  floats 
on  the  water  a  little  longer  than  a  day,  when  all 


of  a  sudden  the  shells  of  the  eggs  begin  to  break 
and  the  little  "  wiggle-tails  "  hatch,  or  come  out 
of  the  shells.  These  funny  little  " wiggle-tails" 
go  frisking  about  in  the  water.  They  dive  here 
and  there  down  into  the  water,  hunting  for  some- 
thing to  eat.  These  are  the  baby  mosquitoes. 
They  are  very  queer  looking,  with  their  big  heads 
and  eyes  and  a  funny  little  tube  at  the  tail  end 
of  their  bodies.  They  push  this  tube  up  out  of 
the  water  to  get  air  to  breathe.  I  saw  a  number 
of  them  push  these  little  tubes  up  to  the  top  of 
the  water,  but,  when  I  got  close  to  them,  down  to 


22  THE  STORY  OF  THE  RAIN  BARREL 

the  bottom  of  the  barrel  they  would  dive,  head 
foremost,  as  if  they  were  scared.  They  soon  had 
to  come  up  again  for  another  breath  of  air. 

Mother  said  that  if  no  one  disturbed  them 
they  would  eat  germs  and  all  sorts  of  little  water 
plants  for  about  two  weeks,  growing  all  the  time. 
At  the  end  of  that  time,  each  one  would  curl  him- 
self into  a  cocoon,  like  a  ball,  called  a  pupa. 
After  about  four  days  of  rest  and  growing  in  this 
cocoon,  the  case  would  break  and  out  would  come 
a  thing  with  wings,  a  full-grown  mosquito.  It  would 
stand  on  its  case  or  cocoon,  dry  its  wings  in  the 
sun,  and  then  fly  away  to  begin  life  as  a  mosquito. 

Mother  said  she  did  not  want  to  give  the 
little  "wiggle-tails"  a  chance  to  become  mosqui- 
toes, and  that  if  I  would  bring  her  some  oil  from 
the  kitchen  pantry,  she  would  show  me  how  to 
kill  the  little  "  wiggle-tails/'  I  ran  for  the  oil, 
oil  just  like  that  your  Mamma  burns  in  her  lamps. 
Mother  poured  a  few  spoonfuls  in  the  rain  barrel, 
and  that  was  the  end  of  Mr.  Wiggle-tail.  The  oil 
kept  the  "  wiggle-tails  "  from  getting  any  air  to 
breathe  through  their  funny  breathing  tubes,  and 
they  smothered. 


THE  STORY  OF  THE  RAIN  BARREL 


23 


Mother  says  we  must  have  a  Mosquito  Brigade 
and  go  about  the  place  killing  all  the  mosquitoes  ; 
that  we  must  not  let  water  stand  in  any  tin  cans 
or  barrels ;  and  that  we  must  pour  oil  in  the 
ditches  and  ponds  where  water  stands  and  where 
the  mosquitoes  can  lay  eggs.  The  mosquito  will 
not  lay  eggs  on  the  dry  land,  for  the  "  wiggle- 


24  MALARIA 

tails "  cannot  take  care  of  themselves  on  dry 
land,  and  the  mosquito  mothers  know  this. 

It  seems  to  me  that  Dame  Nature,  as  Mother 
calls  her,  has  taught  many  wonderful  secrets  to 
her  children. 

Mother  told  me  why  she  wanted  to  kill  all  the 
"  wiggle-tails."  I  will  tell  you  about  it  to-morrow, 
if  you  will  come  to  the  grape-vine  swing  with  me. 

QUESTIONS 

1.  What  did  the  little  boy  see  in  the  rain  barrel? 
Why  couldn't  he  catch  them? 

2.  How  did  the  "  wiggle-tails"  get  into  the  barrel? 

3.  Why  do  they  have  to  come  to  the  top  of  the 
water  so  often? 

4.  Why  did  the  little  boy's  mother  want  to  destroy 
or  kill  the  little  "  wiggle-tails"? 

5.  What  is  a  Mosquito  Brigade?     Can't  we  have 
one  in  our  school? 

MALARIA 

You  remember,  John,  I  told  you  about  the 
"  wiggle-tails,"  or  baby  mosquitoes,  in  the  rain 
barrel,  and  how  eager  my  mother  was  to  put  oil 
on  the  water  and  kill  them. 


MALARIA  25 

Well,  Mother  told  me  a  long  story  about  the 
baby  mosquitoes  and  what  they  do  when  they 
are  grown  up.  She  said  that  mosquitoes  carry 
malaria,  or  chills,  from  one  person  to  another. 

Don't  you  remember  when  we  had  chills  last 
summer  and  Uncle  John  had  to  come  to  see  us 
and  give  us  some  medicine?  Mother  says  that 
was  because  some  grown  mosquito  had  bitten  a 
person  who  had  chills,  and  while  sucking  that 
person's  blood  the  mosquito  had  sucked  into  her 
bill  some  malaria  poison ;  then  later  when  she  bit 
us,  she  punched  some  of  that  poison  into  our 
blood,  while  she  was  getting  a  supper  from  our 
blood.  The  mosquito's  bill  is  as  sharp  as  one  of 
Uncle  John's  knives. 

Mother  told  me  that  a  long  time  ago,  when 
the  English  came  to  Virginia,  they  settled  at 
Jamestown,  and  they  were  afraid  of  the  Indians, 
the  bears,  and  the  panthers  that  could  hide  in  the 
forest  near-by. 

The  English  did  not  know  it,  but  they  had  a 
more  deadly  enemy  then  at  Jamestown  than  the 
Indians  and  the  panthers.  This  enemy  was  so 
small  they  could  not  see  it,  and  then,  too,  they 


26  MALARIA 

had  not  learned  about  it  as  we  are  learning  now. 
This  enemy  was  the  little  germ  or  parasite  that 
causes  malaria. 

Mother  says  that  it  is  easy  to  fight  an  enemy 
when  it  is  out  in  the  open.  The  settlers  knew 
only  that  many  of  their  people  got  sick  and  died. 
This  was  because  there  were  many  mosquitoes 
there,  and  these  mosquitoes  bit  them,  and  put 
these  poisonous  enemies  into  their  blood.  But 
they  did  not  know  that  the  mosquitoes  were  the 
cause  of  the  great  number  of  deaths  in  the  colony. 

All  this  happened  many  years  ago.  I  believe 
the  English  thought  their  old  enemy,  the  Dragon, 
of  which  they  had  hieard  so  much,  but  which 
they  could  not  see,  had  come  to  this  new  land. 

We  can  know  the  mosquito  that  carries  ma- 
laria because  she  looks  as  if  she  is  trying  to  stand 
on  her  head  when  she  lights  on  anything.  It 
seems  queer  that  the  female  mosquito  is  the  only 
one  which  poisons  us  with  malaria.  Perhaps  the 
male  mosquito  cannot  bite,  because  he  has  so 
many  feathery  plumes  on  his  bill. 

The  mosquito  and  the  germ  of  malaria,  which 
is  carried  from  one  person  to  another,  killed  far 


MALARIA  27 

more  white  people  than  the  Indians  or  the  wild 
animals  did. 

Not  many  years  ago,  a  very  clever  man  found 
out  that  the  mosquito  carried  malaria,  for,  with- 
out her,  the  germs  could  never  get  into  our 
blood. 

Mother  says  that  the  way  for  us  to  stop  ma- 
laria is  for  us  to  kill  all  the  mosquitoes,  and  the 
best  way  to  kill  them  off  is  to  do  so  when  they 
are  little  "wiggle-tails"  or  "wigglers."  She  says 
the  best  way  of  all,  though,  is  never  to  have  any 
standing  water  around  where  the  mosquito  can 
lay  her  eggs. 

I   am    going    to   kill   every   mosquito   I   see. 
Mother    says    I    can    tell   the 
one  that  carries  malaria,  be- 
cause she  is  always  trying  to 
stand  on  her  head  like  this. 


I'll  tell  you,  let's  have  a  "  Mosquito  and  Fly 
Brigade."  You  can  be  the  Captain.  All  the  little 
boys  and  girls  in  our  classes  can  march  under  our 
colors,  and  we  will  make  war  on  every  fly  and  mos- 
quito in  the  neighborhood,  and  stop  the  children 
and  grown  people  from  having  malaria.  Mother 


28  MALARIA 

says  sickness  costs  a  lot  of  money — many  millions 
of  dollars  every  year. 

We  will  be  little  soldiers  while  all  the  coun- 
try is  at  peace,  but  we  will  wage  a  battle  royal 
against  these  very  small  but  strong  enemies,  and 
we  will  win. 

Our  motto  will  be,  "  To  prevent  is  better  than 
to  cure." 

QUESTIONS 

1.  What  causes  malaria? 

2.  Can  you  tell  the  difference  between  the  mosquito 
that  carries  malaria  and  the  one  that  is  called  the  house 
mosquito? 

3.  Where  do  the  mosquitoes  feed? 

4.  What  caused  so  many  of  the  early  settlers  in  the 
Old  Dominion  (Virginia)  to  die? 

5.  Which  was  their  greatest  enemy,  Indians,  wild 
animals,  or  malaria? 

6.  How  much  does  malaria  cost? 

7.  Can  we  prevent  malaria?    How? 

8.  What  medicine  will  cure  malaria? 

9.  Is  it  better  to  cure  a  disease  or  to  prevent  it? 

10.  Where  was  quinine  first  gotten? 

11.  If  a  person  has  malaria,  how  may  we  prevent 
other  persons  from  getting  it? 

12.  Have  you  a  "Fly  and  Mosquito  Brigade"  in 
your  school,  or  will  you  have  one? 


JACK  FROST 


29 


JACK  FROST 

Children,  do  you  know  who  Jack  Frost  is  ? 
Well,  he  is  a  frisky  little  fellow.  He  never  seems 
to  lose  his  youth  and  freshness,  although  he  is  as 
old  as  time  itself. 

When  the  days  grow  shorter  and  the  nights 
get  longer,  Jack  Frost  is  a  regular  busybody — he 
is  here,  there,  and  everywhere.  Jack  does  not 
make  long  visits  in  the  Sunny  Southland.  The 
warm  sunshine  and  balmy  winds  chase  him  back 
to  the  North,  his  native  land. 


30  JACK  FROST 

Jim  lives  in  the  North  where  Jack  Frost 
makes  long  visits,  sometimes  remaining  from  early 
autumn  until  late  in  the  spring.  Jim  says  he 
likes  Jack  Frost  and  the  gay  times  and  sports  he 
brings  with  him  for  the  little  boys  and  girls  of  the 
North.  Jim  loves  to  skate  and  sleigh  ride. 

Jack  Frost  is  a  mischievous  little  elf;  he 
skips  gaily  around  while  you  are  asleep.  He 
peeps  into  your  windows  to  see  if  you  are  tucked 
snugly  in  bed.  He  dances  on  the  window  panes, 
and  covers  them  with  beautiful  crystals  that  he 
must  have  brought  from  fairyland. 

He  goes  whistling  down  the  street  on  the  wind 
in  the  early  morning.  He  gleefully  snips  at  the 
noses  of  the  old  gentlemen  as  they  step  briskly 
along  to  their  business. 

Jack  gives  these  old  folks  a  bit  of  his  youth  as 
they  feel  his  frolicsome  touch.  He  makes  them 
think  of  the  days  when  they  were  boys,  how  they 
used  to  run  out  to  meet  him  with  a  jump  and  a 
skip.  He  reminds  them  of  the  days  long  ago, 
when  they  made  a  snow  man  in  the  school-yard, 
and  when  they  played  snowball  on  the  way  to 
and  from  school.  As  they  think  of  these  frolics 


JACK  FROST  31 

with  Jack  Frost,  each,  one  seems  to  quicken  his 
step.  Could  you  look  into  their  eyes  you  would 
see  how  they  sparkle  with  the  memories  of  youth 
that  Jack  Frost  has  recalled. 

He  frolics  about  among  the  trees.  As  he 
touches  them  with  his  wand,  their  bright  green 
coat  is  changed  to  a  soft  brown  one.  He  tells 
the  little  sleeping  buds  to  lie  still.  They  must 
not  even  peep  out  while  he  is  in  the  air. 

Jack  waves  his  wand  and  covers  brown  Mother 
Earth  with  sparkling  frost  or  downy  snow.  The 
little  seed  babies  snuggle  close,  and  whisper  to 
each  other  of  how  good  Jack  Frost  is  to  cover 
them  from  the  biting  winter  wind  with  this  beau- 
tiful warm  blanket  of  snow.  This  blanket  is  finer 
and  warmer  than  any  ever  woven  by  man. 

Even  after  the  snow  has  melted,  Jack  Frost 
tells  the  little  seed  babies  not  to  lift  their  heads 
from  under  their  blanket  of  leaves  until  the  warm 
spring  days  wake  them. 

He  shows  to  the  children  of  the  Southland 
only  a  few  of  his  pranks ;  now  and  then  a  beau- 
tiful frost  that  is  soon  chased  back  to  the  North 
by  the  warm  sun ;  sometimes  a  wonderful  snow- 


32  JACK  FROST 

storm  from  the  Northwest.  How  joyous  these 
children  of  the  Sunny  South  are  when  Jack 
does  give  them  a  touch  of  old  King  Winter  ! 
There  are  many  children  here  as  old  as  you, 
who  have  never  seen  one  of  Jack's  beautiful 
white  blankets. 

In  the  Northland  Jack  is  a  very  terrible  old 
fellow.  There  are  ice  and  snow  on  the  ground  for 
many  months.  The  people  build  very  warm  houses 
to  keep  Jack  Frost  out. 

Did  you  ever  think  of  the  little  Eskimo  boys 
and  girls  in  their  cold  country  ?  They  wear  clothes 
made  of  skins  and  furs.  They  live  in  snow  houses, 
but  they  manage  to  keep  warm.  The  little  Eskimo 
children  are  used  to  the  cold,  for  Jack  Frost  plays 
his  pranks  all  the  year  round  in  the  land  of  the 
long,  long  nights. 

They  have  great  sport  going  here  and  there 
on  their  snow-shoes,  and  in  their  sleds  drawn  by 
their  faithful  dogs. 

In  our  own  Northland,  Jack  is  a  very  frisky 
fellow.  He  touches  the  lakes  and  rivers  with  his 
magic  wand  and  covers  them  with  ice.  Ah!  now 
comes  the  best  of  fun,  for  now  old  Jack  Frost  is 


JACK  FROST  33 

ready  for  you  to  have  the  finest  of  sports.  You 
must  put  on  warm  clothes  and  high,  heavy  shoes 
and  run  out  to  play  with  him. 

Children  who  have  colds  and  sore  throats  can 
not  play.  So  he  says,  "Wrap  up  warm,  come  out 
into  the  fresh  air."  Let  the  pure  frosty  air  get  in- 
to your  lungs,  and  sweep  out  old  disease  germs  that 
may  have  hidden  there.  Come  with  me  to  the 
pond.  The  ice  is  thick  and  smooth.  Put  on  your 
skates  and  let  us  go  skimming  over  the  ice.  You 
will  feel  the  warm  red  blood,  made  clean  and  pure 
by  the  frosty  air,  tingling  all  over  your  body.  I 
tell  you,  Jack  Frost  is  a  good  friend. 

Jack  Frost  often  hurts  the  poor,  pinching 
too  hard  their  fingers  and  toes.  So,  while  you 
are  warmly  clad  and  prepared  for  a  frolic  with 
him,  you  must  remember  there  are  some  chil- 
dren to  whom  Jack  Frost  is  not  such  a  welcome 
friend. 

He  nips  with  his  cold  fingers  the  insects  that 
do  our  plants  harm.  With  his  icy  breath,  he  kills 
many  of  the  germs  that  would  hurt  you. 

Jack  Frost  helps  to  give  you  health,  and  health 
means  joy,  strength,  happiness  and  success. 


34  JACK  FROST 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Who  is  Jack  Frost,  where  does  he  come  from? 

2.  What  does  he  bring? 

3.  What  does  he  say  to  the  little  seed  babies  and 
buds? 

4.  What  does  he  say  to  the  young  folks? 

5.  Who  are  the  Eskimos,  where  do  they  live? 

6.  Of  what,  and  how,  do  they  build  their  houses? 

7.  What  does  Jack  Frost  do  to  some  of  the  disease 
germs? 

8.  Can  you  tell  me  something  of  the  games  the 
children  play  in  the  lands  where  Jack  Frost  visits? 
In  the  land  where  he  never  comes? 


JACK  FROST 

A  mischief-maker  is  old  Jack  Frost, 

His  pranks  are  many  indeed; 
He  comes  and  goes  with  the  speed  of  the  wind, 

But  who  has  ever  seen  his  steed  ? 

He  comes  when  the  nights  are  clear  and  cold, 

And  the  wind  has  gone  to  rest, 
He  comes  with  his  magic  wand, 

And  few  things  stand  the  test. 


A  STORY  OF  TUBERCULOSIS  35 

He  rides  o'er  fields  of  waving  corn, 

And  leaves  them  sere  and  dry ; 
He  touches  the  flowers  with  his  magic  wand, 

And  they  wither  away  and  die. 

He  spreads  on  the  walk  a  coat  of  ice, 

That  unwary  feet  may  slip ; 
He  freezes  the  leaves,  the  trees  and  grass, 

And  holds  them  all  in  his  icy  grip. 

He  pinches  the  apple's  ruddy  cheeks, 
And  the  children's  cheeks  as  well — 

Oh,  of  all  the  mischief  that  Jack  Frost  does, 
Who  could  ever  tell  ? 

But  still  we  love  this  mischief-maker, 

We  could  not  do  without  Mm ; 
We  think  his  little  plays  and  pranks 

The  very  best  thing  about  him. 

A  STORY  OF  TUBERCULOSIS 

PART  I 

Mary,  did  you  and  Tom  see  the  poor,  sick 
woman  on  the  cars  when  we  were  going  to  visit 
grandmother  last  week  ?  Did  you  see  how  pale 
and  thin  and  feeble  she  looked?  Did  you  hear 


36  A  STORY  OF  TUBERCULOSIS 

her  coughing  so  often  that  it  seemed  to  hurt  her 
whole  body? 

How  sorry  we  felt  when  we  knew  she  was  so 
sick.  Don't  you  remember  that  Uncle  John,  who  is 
a  doctor,  told  us  that  she  had  consumption.  Uncle 
John  talked  of  the  poor  lady  and  of  the  dreadful 
disease  which  she  has.  He  called  it  by  two  other 
names,  tuberculosis  and  the  "Great  White  Plague/' 

I'll  tell  you  just  what  he  told  me,  for  Uncle 
John  said  that  even  little  children  should  know 
about  this  disease  and  that  they  could  help  to 
prevent  it. 

He  said  that  a  very  small  plant,  so  small  that 
we  cannot  see  it  with  our  naked  eyes,  causes  this 
terrible  sickness  from  which  so  many,  both  old  and 
young,  die.  These  plants  are  so  small  that  a 
thousand  of  them  could  be  put  on  a  pin  head  and 
still  not  crowd  each  other  there.  These  little 
plants  are  like  tiny  rods  and  are  always  found  t 
in  the  saliva  or  spit  of  a  person  who  has  consump- 
tion. When  Uncle  John  wants  to  see  them  he 
uses  a  very  powerful  magnifying  glass  called  a 
microscope.  You  have  seen  this  microscope  in 
Uncle  John's  office. 


A  STORY  OF  TUBERCULOSIS  37 

Long  years  ago,  a  great  German  doctor  tried 
to  find  out  why  so  many  persons,  young  people 
and  little  children,  died  of  this  terrible  disease. 
Finally,  after  long  years  of  study,  he  found  that 
these  tiny  plants  are  the  cause  of  all  this  disease 
and  sorrow.  He  also  found  that  these  plants  are 
different  from  the  plants  in  our  gardens,  for  they 
grow  best  in  dark,  damp  places  where  there  are 
warmth  and  the  kind  of  soil  suited  to  them. 

These  plants  never  blossom,  but  they  grow  and 
make  more  plants  of  the  same  kind. 

When  father  wants  to  grow  more  cotton  he 
plants  cotton  seed,  does  he  not?  He  always 
sees  that  the  ground  or  soil  is  well  prepared  for 
the  seed. 

Our  bodies  are  the  soil  or  ground,  and  these 
little  rod-like  plants  are  the  seed  of  consumption. 
Persons  who  have  delicate  bodies  and  who  live  in 
damp,  dark  places,  and  who  do  not  eat  good  food 
furnish  the  best  kind  of  soil  on  which  these  plants 
will  grow.  They  grow  and  make  more  tubercu- 
losis seed  just  as  the  cotton  grows  and  makes  more 
cotton  seed.  Strong,  healthy  bodies  are  poor  seed 
ground  for  consumption  seed.  They  do  not  grow 


38  A  STORY  OF  TUBERCULOSIS 

well  but  shrink  up  and  die  just  as  cotton  seed 
would  if  they  were  planted  on  stony  ground 
instead  of  nice  mellow  earth. 

You  have  seen  some  plants  that  you  were  told 
not  to  handle  or  taste  because  they  were  poison- 
ous. Well,  these  little  tuberculosis  plants  that  I 
am  telling  you  about  are  more  poisonous  than  the 
plants  that  you  can  see. 

If  they  get  on  cups  from  which  you  drink,  and 
into  your  milk  or  any  other  food,  they  may  get 
into  your  bodies.  If  you  think,  I  am  sure  that 
you  will  remember  some  of  your  friends  who 
have  consumption. 

You  remember,  Mary,  you  told  me  of  your 
little  friend,  Lucy  Stevens,  who  has  been  ill  a  long 
time,  and  who  is  quite  lame.  She  has  to  use 
crutches  to  walk  with  because  her  hip  is  diseased. 
Uncle  John  says  this  is  because  she  has  tuberculosis 
of  the  hip  joint.  It  is  strange,  but  often  after 
these  little  plants  or  seed  get  into  the  body, 
they  may  travel  to  any  part  of  it,  and  set  up  house- 
keeping for  themselves  in  a  gland  or  a  joint. 
They  usually  find  their  way  to  the  weakest  part 
of  our  bodies 


A  STORY  OF  TUBERCULOSIS  39 

PART  II 

Uncle  John  says  that  the  only  cure  for  con- 
sumption is  plenty  of  fresh  air,  good  food,  and 
the  proper  amount  of  rest.  He  says  that  patent 
medicines  are  fakes  and  do  much  harm. 

You  can,  each  of  you,  do  a  great  deal  to  pre- 
vent these  plants  or  seeds  from  getting  into  your 
bodies  and  into  the  bodies  of  others  by  following 
these  simple  rules : 

1.  Remember  that  fresh  air  and  sunshine  are 
necessary  to  good  health. 

2.  Remember  that  cold  or  damp  air  will  not 
do  harm  if  the  body  is  kept  warm. 

3.  Breathe   through    the   nose    only.     Avoid 
dark,  crowded,  dusty,  or  damp  rooms.     Breathe 
deep. 

4.  Hold  shoulders  up. 

5.  Use  your  own  individual  drinking  cup. 

6.  Remember  that  consumption  is  spread  by 
careless  spitting.     Do  not  spit  on  the  floor  of 
rooms,  halls,  or  cars. 

7.  Keep  clean  and  bathe  frequently,  at  least 
twice  a  week. 

8.  Always  wash  your  hands  before  eating. 


40  A  STORY  OF  TUBERCULOSIS 

9.  Brush  your  teeth  after  each  meal. 

10.  Never  put  money,  pencils,  pens,  or  any- 
thing that  another  person  has  handled,  in  your 
mouth. 

11.  Do  not  bite  off  fruit  that  other  people 
have  bitten. 

12.  Do  not  kiss  babies  or  sick  persons. 

QUESTIONS 

1.  What  do  you  call  the  little  plants  that  cause 
tuberculosis  or  consumption?    How  big  are  these  plants 
or  germs? 

2.  What  part  of  garden  plants  are  these  germs  like? 
Why  do  you  think  so? 

3.  Big  plants  in  the  garden  get  their  food  from  the 
water  in  the  soil.    I  wonder  if  any  of  you  can  tell  me 
where  these  little  germ-plants  get  their  food?   When  we 
see  persons  with  consumption  we  know  that  these  little 
germ-plants  are  growing  on  the  cells  of  their  lungs. 
This  causes  their  lung  cells  and  the  tissue  that  binds 
them  together  to  decay.    Then  these  people  have  to 
cough  and  spit  this  decayed  matter  up.    Every  bit  of 
it  is  often  filled  with  these  little  germ-plants,  or  seed 
of  consumption. 

4.  Then  what  should  be  done  with  this  spit  to  keep 
any  one  else  from  taking  the  disease? 

5.  Germs  are  often  carried  in  little  particles  of  dust. 
How  may  we  keep  from  getting  germs  in  this  way? 


IT  IS  TIME  THAT  YOU  SHOULD  STOP  41 

6.  How  else  may  these  little  plants  get  into  our 
bodies? 

7.  Can  you  think  of  another  way  by  which  we 
might  get  these  plants  into  our  bodies?  (From  milk.) 
What  insect  may  carry  the  germs  from  the  sick-room 
to  our  dining-room  table? 

8.  What  did  Uncle  John  say  was  the  only  cure  for 
consumption  or  tuberculosis? 

9.  What  can  each  of  us  do  to  prevent  these  plants 
from  getting  into  our  bodies,  and  to  prevent  them  from 
growing  if  they  should  happen  to  get  into  our  bodies? 


IT  IS  TIME  THAT  YOU  SHOULD  STOP 

'Whenever  you  spit,  whenever  you  sneeze, 

Whenever  your  rugs  you  beat, 
When  you  scatter  dust  with  a  feather  broom, 

And  shake  it  on  the  street, 
When  rubbish  you  pile  upon  the  road, 

When  ash  barrels  have  no  top 
You're  poisoning  the  air  for  somebody's  lungs, 

And  it  is  time  that  you  should  stop. 

— Selected. 


42  A  TRUE  STORY 

A  TRUE   STOET 

In  a  little  city  near  the  great  Mississippi  River, 
lived  two  boys  who  were  the  very  best  of  friends. 
Every  day  they  played  together  and  had  a  fine 
time.  Life  was  as  pleasant  as  a  summer  day  to 
the  little  fellows.  One  of  the  boys  was  named 
Oliver.  He  had  a  rich  father  who  gave  him 
everything  he  wanted.  The  other  little  boy  was 
Arthur.  His  father  was  dead,  but  he  had  a 
gentle  little  mother  who  was  as  good  as  she  could 
be.  Arthur's  mother  had  to  work  very  hard  to 
make  enough  money  to  buy  food  and  clothes  for 
her  little  boy  and  herself.  Little  Arthur  knew 
this,  and  he  often  said  when  he  got  big  he  would 
make  enough  money  for  them  both,  so  that  the 
dear  mother  would  not  have  to  work  so  hard. 

When  the  two  boys  were  six  years  old,  they 
started  to  school.  They  were  very  happy  and 
proud  when  the  day  to  go  came.  Every  morning 
Oliver's  mother  would  put  his  fine  clothes  on  him 
and  give  him  some  money  to  pay  his  way  on  the 
street  car.  After  he  got  to  the  school  he  would 
not  play  games  with  the  boys  for  he  was  afraid  he 


A  TRUE  STORY  43 

would  soil  his  clothes.  He  stood  around  and 
watched  the  other  boys  romp  and  play. 

Arthur's  mother  could  not  give  him  the  ten 
cents  for  car-fare  to  and  from  school,  so  he 
walked  to  school  every  morning.  He  would  eat 
his  breakfast  early  and  start  out  for  school  in  the 
cool  morning  air.  As  he  walked  along  whistling, 
his  cheeks  would  get  rosy  and  red  and  he  would 
run  and  jump  ;  he  was  a  happy  little  boy.  He 
felt  as  if  he  would  never  get  tired.  And  all  the 
time  he  would  be  thinking  of  the  time  when  he 
would  be  a  big  boy  and  ready  to  help  to  care  for 
the  little  mother. 

When  he  got  to  school  he  would  join  the  other 
little  boys  in  their  play,  for  his  clothes  were  good 
and  strong  and  not  too  fine  to  romp  and  play  in. 

For  a  long  time  things  went  on  in  this  way 
and  Arthur  was  growing  stronger  and  taller  all 
the  time.  He  was  learning  very  fast.  Oliver 
was  getting  pale  and  thin  and  he  was  beginning 
to  be  absent  from  school  very  often.  The  teacher 
went  to  see  his  mother  and  found  that  the  little 
boy  was  absent  because  he  often  had  headaches 
and  colds.  The  two  boys  were  in  the  same  class, 


44  A  TRUE  STORY 

but  they  were  not  as  good  friends  as  they  had 
been.  Oliver  could  not  keep  up  with  his  class, 
and  after  awhile  he  had  to  drop  into  a  lower  class. 

Arthur  did  not  have  much  time  to  play  after 
he  came  home  from  school  because  he  had  to 
help  his  mother. 

Their  teacher  lived  just  across  the  street  from 
the  two  little  boys.  She  had  noticed  in  school 
that  Arthur  could  learn  faster  than  Oliver.  She 
saw  that  Arthur  was  stronger  and  happier,  and 
she  soon  thought  she  knew  why. 

So  one  day  she  told  them  both  to  stay  after 
school,  that  she  wanted  to  talk  to  them  for  a 
little  while. 

After  all  the  other  children  had  gone  she 
called  them  up  to  her  desk  and  said,  "  Oliver, 
would  you  like  to  be  like  Arthur  and  have 
healthy,  rosy  cheeks,  and  be  able  to  run  and 
play  as  he  does  ?  "  Of  course,  Oliver  said  yes,  for 
he  had  long  been  wishing  that  he  could  feel  as 
happy  as  Arthur  looked.  He  wanted  to  be  able 
to  come  regularly  to  school,  and  he  did  not  want  to 
have  colds  and  headaches — he  was  tired  of  them. 

"Well,"  said  the  teacher,  "I  want  to  tell  you 


A  TRUE  STORY  45 

how  you  may  grow  as  strong  as  Arthur.  You 
must  stay  out-of-doors,  and  play  with  the  other 
boys  more  than  you  do.  You  look  pale  because 
your  blood  is  not  red  enough. 

"Boys  and  girls  have  blood  in  their  bodies. 
You  have  seen  it  when  you  cut  your  finger.  The 
more  you  run  and  play,  the  more  blood  you  will 
have  and  the  redder  it  will  be.  This  good  red 
blood  is  what  makes  you  strong ;  you  must  eat 
plenty  of  good  food  and  play  out  in  the  open  air 
with  the  other  boys.  Keep  your  body  clean,  and 
get  your  mother  to  let  you  walk  to  school  each 
morning  with  Arthur.  Now  run  along  to  play,  and 
I  am  sure  you  will  soon  feel  better,  and  after  a  few 
days  you  will  be  as  strong  as  Arthur  and  the  other 

boys." 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Compare  the  two  boys — Arthur  and  Oliver — as 
to  their  pleasures  and  opportunities. 

2.  Why  did  Arthur  study  hard  and  love  to  work? 

3.  Why  did  Oliver  ride  on  the  street  car  to  school, 
and  why  could  he  not  run  and  play  with  the  other  boys 
after  he  got  to  school? 

4.  Oliver  was  sick  a  great  deal  and  could  not  keep 
up  with  his  class.    Why  did  his  teacher  say  that  he 
could  not  do  his  work  as  well  as  Arthur? 


TWO  LITTLE  WINDOWS 


TWO  LITTLE  WINDOWS 
In    every  house   there  is  a   window.     Some 
houses  have  many  windows  to  let  in  the  bright 
sunshine  and  the  pure  fresh  air,  and  to  let  us  see 
from  within  the  glorious  world  on  the  outside. 

I  am  going  to  tell  you  of  some  houses  that  have 
only  two  windows ;  the  houses  cannot  do  without 
them. 

Many  of  the  little  windows  are  beautiful.  On 
the  outside  are  two  beautiful  awnings  with  a 


TWO  LITTLE  WINDOWS  47 

pretty  black  fringe  on  the  edge;  the  awnings  keep 
out  the  light  when  it  is  too  bright,,  and  keep  in- 
sects and  bugs  from  flying  in  at  the  windows.  At 
night  these  awnings  are  drawn  over  the  windows 
so  that  the  little  housekeeper  within  may  have 
rest  and  quiet. 

The  window  casings  are  white  and  on.  the  in- 
side there  are  dainty  curtains.  Some  of  these 
curtains  are  blue,,  some  are  brown,  some  are 
gray,  and  some  are  black.  In  the  centre  of  these 
curtains  there  is  a  round  black  hole.  It  is  through 
this  little  hole  that  the  housekeeper  can  look  out 
and  see  the  beautiful  world  around. 

When  the  windows  are  bright  and  sparkling 
we  know  that  the  house  is  strong  and  well  kept, 
and  the  little  housekeeper  is  happy  when  she  plays 
and  when  she  works. 

Only  one  person  can  live  in  each  house.  A 
queer  thing  about  these  little  houses  is  that  they 
can  move  from  place  to  place. 

Sometimes  these  little  windows  are  not  cared 
for;  the  little  housekeeper  forgets  how  important 
the  windows  are.  I  know  of  some  that  are  not 
cared  for.  These  were  very  pretty  and  seemed 


48  TWO  LITTLE  WINDOWS 

larger  than  most  windows  of  this  kind.  They  had 
deep  brown  curtains  and  when  you  looked  at  the 
little  hole  in  the  curtain,  it  seemed  that  you  were 
looking  down  into  a  deep  well,  and  that  you  could 
see  your  own  picture  in  it.  The  little  housekeeper 
who  owned  these  windows  was  a  little  girl  almost 
ten  years  old.  She  would  look  through  the  win- 
dows and  read  fine  print  when  it  was  too  dark  to 
see  the  letters  well,  and  would  do  many  things 
that  would  hurt  these  windows.  Her  mother  had 
to  take  her  to  a  person  in  a  big  city  who  knew 
what  to  do  to  help  the  windows.  This  man  put 
a  piece  of  glass  in  front  of  the  windows,  so  that 
the  little  housekeeper  could  see  through  them. 
How  sorry  this  housekeeper  was  that  she  had  not 
always  taken  care  of  her  windows. 

We  sometimes  see  little  housekeepers  whose 
windows  are  always  dark.  It  is  a  pitiful  sight  to 
see  windows  through  which  no  light  ever  goes  to 
the  housekeeper  within  the  house.  "Shut-ins," 
they  are  in  truth.  It  makes  one's  heart  ache  to 
know  that  if  many  of  these  windows  had  had 
proper  care  when  they  were  first  opened  the 
housekeeper's  hearts  would  now  be  glad,  for  they 


TWO  LITTLE  WINDOWS  49 

could  look  out  on  the  glorious  world,  they  could 
read  and  play  and  work  just  as  little  children 
like  to  do.  Instead,  they  must  go  to  special 
schools.  They  read  from  books  that  have  raised 
letters,  and  use  their  fingers  to  find  them.  Many 
of  these  little  housekeepers  learn  to  read  and  do 
many  wonderful  things  with  their  fingers.  Helen 
Keller,  whose  windows  were  always  dark,  even 
graduated  from  Radcliffe  College. 

QUESTION 

1.  Can  you  tell  me  what  these  little  windows  are? 
You  have  already  guessed  that  the  little  house  is  the 
body,  and  the  little  housekeeper  any  little  boy  or  girl. 


50  MERRY  SUNSHINE 

MERKY  SUNSHINE 

"Good  morning,  Merry  Sunshine, 

How  did  you  wake  so  soon? 
You've  scared  the  little  stars  away, 

And  shined  away  the  moon. 
I  saw  you  go  to  sleep  last  night 

Before  I  ceased  my  playing  ; 
How  did  you  get  Vay  over  there? 

And  where  have  you  been  staying?" 

"I  never  go  to  sleep,  dear  child, 

I  just  go  round  to  see 
My  little  children  of  the  east 

Who  rise  and  watch  for  me. 
I  waken  all  the  birds  and  bees 

And  flowers  on  my  way, 
And  now  come  back  to  see  the  child 
Who  stayed  out  late  to  play." 

— Anonymous. 


CONSULTATION  FREE  AT  THIS  OFFICE 


52  A  WONDERFUL  STREAM 


A  WONDERFUL  STREAM 

I  am  going  to  tell  you  of  a  wonderful  stream 
that  flows  through  our  bodies.  We  may  call  it 
the  stream  of  life.  It  is  made  of  tiny  rills,  and 
of  great  branches,  all  of  which  join  to  form  this 
wonderful  stream. 

This  stream  has  a  great,  double  force  pump, 
which  keeps  pumping  night  and  day.  It  always 
pumps  the  same  way,  its  engine  does  not  make 
much  noise,  but  just  a  little  sound  that  you  may 
hear  if  you  put  your  ear  close  to  mother's  breast. 
You  can  hear  this  busy  little  engine  pumping 
away,  forcing  the  stream  on. 

Many  queer  looking  little  boats  float  on  its 
bosom.  These  boats  carry  freight  to  the  far- 
away countries  in  all  parts  in  the  body.  They  are 
so  small  we  cannot  see  them  with  the  naked  eye. 
They  are  of  various  shapes ;  some  are  round. 


A  WONDERFUL  STREAM  53 

They  have  a  very  important  freight  to  carry. 
There  are  more  of  these  boats  than  there  are  of 
any  other  kind.  They  have  a  little  cup-shaped 
centre,  a  kind  of  deck,  and  in  this  centre  they 
carry  the  freight.  They  take  on  this  freight  at 
the  Lung  Station.  They  have  something  on  deck 
which  holds  on  to  the  goods  they  get  at  the  sta- 
tion, to  keep  it  from  being  lost  on  its  long  journey. 

It  never  overflows  its  banks.  Its  color  is  not 
bright  and  blue  as  the  waters  of  the  Hudson  or 
Potomac  Kivers.  It  is  yellow  and  red,  like  the 
Mississippi,  the  great  "  Father  of  Waters."  If  you 
would  taste  it  you  would  find  it  to  be  salty  like 
the  ocean. 

As  soon  as  the  little  boats  load  up  at  the  Lung 
Station,  off  they  sail  on  this  wonderful  stream, 
carrying  their  freight  to  the  Muscle  Country,  the 
Skin  Country  or  the  Gland  Country.  When  the 
boats  reach  one  of  these  countries,  they  unload 
and  the  little  men  of  these  countries  (or  cells) 
take  the  freight  and  put  it  just  where  it  is  needed. 
The  freight  is  called  oxygen.  The  Lung  Station 
is  filled  with  it  every  time  a  person  takes  a  good 
breath  of  pure  fresh  air. 


54  A  WONDERFUL  STREAM 

The  little  boats  come  to  Lung  Station  and  load 
up  with  oxygen  about  three  times  every  minute, 
so  you  see  how  fast  they  travel.  This  freight  is 
the  thing  that  paints  our  cheeks  a  rosy  color  and 
gives  us  good  health. 

When  each  little  boat  has  unloaded  its  cargo 
in  the  far  countries,  the  little  cell  men  load  them 
with  a  return  cargo,  which  is  made  up  of  waste 
matter  (carbon  dioxide).  This  cargo  is  carried 
back  to  the  Lung  Station,  and  unloaded  there.  It 
is  breathed  out  into  the  air,  through  the  air  tubes. 
If  we  breathe  impure  air,  the  little  boats  go 

back  to  the  far  countries 
with  only  a  small  cargo 
of  oxygen.  Then  the  cell 
men  feel  as  if  they  are 
cheated  and  refuse  to  do 
good  work  for  us.  In 
fact,  they  grow  weak  and 
cannot  do  as  good  work  as  they  could  if  the  boats 
brought  a  full  cargo  of  fresh  air. 

There  is  another  boat  in  the  stream;  just  look 
at  its  queer  shape,  and,  queerer  still,  this  little  boat  is 
changing  its  shape.  Is  not  that  funny?  Now  the  small 


A  WONDERFUL  STREAM  55 

end  is  toward  us,  now  the  large  end,  and  now  it  is 
round  like  the  little  freight  boats,  only  it  is  larger. 

I  wonder  what  kind  of  a  vessel  it  is.  It  is 
larger  than  the  freight  boat.  There  are  not  so 
many,  of  these  boats  either,  not  half  so  many  as 
there  are  freight  boats.  They  are  flying  white 
flags,  and  belong  to  the  White  Squadron.  I  wonder 
if  that  means  peace. 

No,  they  are  war-vessels.  Let  us  see  what 
these  white  ships  are  doing.  We  will  call  them 
Dreadnoughts.  Watch  them  as  they  move  slowly 
down  the  stream;  how  powerful  they  look.  They 
have  their  searchlights  on,  looking  for  any  enemy 
that  may  appear  upon  the  surface. 

Further  on  some  germs  or  bacteria  are  coming 
up  the  stream;  they  may  be  pneumonia  germs,  or 
typhoid  germs.  These  are  the  Captains  of  the 
Death  Armada.  The  Dreadnoughts  pull  up  along 
side.  War  is  declared,  a  battle  royal  is  on.  The 
victory  will  go  to  the  strongest.  When  the  smoke 
clears  away  we  may  see  the  Dreadnought  sailing 
calmly  down  stream.  Where  now  are  these 
mighty  Goliaths,  the  typhoid  or  pneumonia  germs  ? 
As  the  Dreadnoughts  were  in  good  fighting  trim, 


56  A  WONDERFUL  STREAM 

we  may  find  them  on  the  inside  of  the  engine-room 
of  the  Dreadnought.  They  are  being  used  as  fuel 
in  its  furnace. 

Sometimes  the  battle  is  in  favor  of  the  germs, 
and  the  Dreadnought  is  destroyed  by  the  germs. 

This  happens  when  the  little  round  freight 
boats  have  not  found  a  full  cargo  of  fresh  air  and 
oxygen  waiting  for  them  in  the  Lung  Station. 

All  this  happens  in  this  wonderful  stream. 

If  we  look  further  we  would  find  that  the 
muscle  men  in  the  muscle  countries  are  busy  mak- 
ing heat  to  keep  our  bodies  warm.  The  little 
workmen  in  the  gland  country  are  making  fluids 
to  mix  with  the  food  we  eat.  The  fluids  change  the 
starch,  the  sugar,  and  the  meat  we  eat,  so  that  the 
muscle  men  can  use  it  to  build  us  large  and  strong. 
The  little  workmen  in  the  skin  are  pouring  water 
out  of  it  in  order  that  we  may  keep  clean  and  cool. 

This  wonderful  stream  carries  all  these  things 
from  one  country  to  the  other,  exchanges  the 
produce  of  one  country  for  the  produce  of  another 
— so  to  speak. 

The  little  freight  boats  on  this  stream  cannot 
do  the  work  they  were  intended  to  do,  the  Dread- 


TWO  MILLS  57 

noughts  cannot  overcome  and  disable  the  germs 
that  get  on  their  decks,  if  they  are  not  kept  in 
the  very  best  condition.  The  only  way  in  which 
we  can  keep  them  "fit"  is  by  living  according  to 
the  rules  of  hygiene. 

Eat  wholesome  food. 

Take  outdoor  exercise. 

Sleep  with  the  windows  open. 

Drink  pure  water. 

Bathe  the  body  frequently. 

QUESTIONS 

1.  What  are  the  little  round  boats? 

2.  What  do  they  carry? 

3.  What  are  the  Dreadnoughts? 

4.  What  are  the  muscle  men? 

5.  What  is  the  stream,  and  what  is  the  force  pump 
that  forces  the  stream  on? 

6.  What  are  the  rules  for  keeping  the  little  freight 
boats,  and  the  great  Dreadnoughts  on  this  wonderful 
stream  in  the  best  working  condition? 

TWO  MILLS 

Come,  children,  listen  to  the  story  Uncle  Ned 
told  to  me.  It  was  the  story  of  a  long  time  ago 
when  Uncle  Ned  was  a  little  boy.  One  day  his 
mother  took  him  on  her  knee  and  said,  "Ned,  do 


68  TWO  MILLS 

you  know  that  your  mouth  is  like  a  little  mill?" 
It  is.  The  mill  grinds  corn.  Your  teeth  grind 
your  food.  Look  in  the  mirror.  Are  your  teeth 
all  alike?  Some  of  the  teeth  in  your  mouth  are 
to  bite  the  food  into  bits,  and  others  are  to  grind 
it  fine  so  that  it  will  not  hurt  your  stomach. 

You  have  twenty  now  because  you  are  a  little 
boy  and  do  not  need  any  more.  When  you  have 
grown  to  be  a  man  you  will  have  thirty-two 
teeth.  You  will  have  more  grinders  in  your 
mouth  when  you  are  a  man  than  you  have  now. 
The  jaw  teeth  are  called  grinders,  because  they 
grind  the  food  you  put  into  your  mouth,  just  as 
the  big  mill  stones  grind  the  corn  into  meal  down 
at  Grandpa's  mill. 

You  wear  clothes  to  keep  your  bodies  warm, 
so  the  teeth  need  some  covering  to  keep  out  the 
cold.  The  enamel,  a  hard  outer  covering  on  the 
teeth,  keeps  them  from  feeling  the  cold.  Down 
in  the  middle  of  the  tooth  is  a  place  for  the 
nerves  of  the  tooth.  When  you  break  the  cover- 
ing on  the  tooth  the  cold  and  hot  things  that  you 
sometimes  put  into  your  mouth  will  make  the 
nerves  ache.  Sometimes  things  that  are  very 


TWO  MILLS  59 

sweet  or  very  sour  hurt  the  covering  on  the 
teeth. 

To  use  the  teeth  to  crack  nuts  or  ice  will 
harm  them,  for  it  often  breaks  the  outer  covering, 
and  it  will  not  grow  again. 

Your  teeth  should  last  you  all  your  life  if  you 
will  take  care  of  them.  Grandpa's  mill  would 
not  grind  the  corn  well,  nor  would  the  mill  laat 
long,  if  he  did  not  take  care  of  it  and  keep  the 
big  stone  grinders  clean  and  free  from  grit  and 
dirt.  Your  teeth  must  have  just  as  good  care  as 
the  stones  in  the  mill  if  you  wish  them  to  last  you 
a  long  time,  and  if  you  want  them  to  grind  your 
food  fine. 

This  is  why  you  must  use  your  toothbrush,  and 
wash  your  mouth  out  regularly  every  day.  If 
you  do  not  keep  your  mouth  clean,  germs  will 
creep  in  and  cause  the  little  boy  to  have  tooth- 
ache. You  are  wondering  what  the  germs  have 
to  do  with  toothache. 

These  little  germs  always  get  into  places  that 
are  not  kept  clean,  and  when  they  get  into  the 
mouth  they  go  to  work,  like  so  many  little  car- 
penters, with  pick  and  drill,  and  pick  away  the 


60  TWO  MILLS 

outer  covering  of  the  tooth  and  then  the  tooth 
decays,  and  this  causes  toothache. 

We  all  want  to  have  pretty  white  teeth  like 
Ned's,  do  we  not?  When  we  are  little  we  must 
take  care  of  the  teeth,  and  if  they  begin  to  decay 
we  must  have  them  filled  or  treated  by  the  dentist. 
Let  us  look  at  our  teeth  and  see  who  has  the 
prettiest  and  the  best  ones.  Has  every  one  a 
toothbrush?  We  must  each  have  one.  We  must 
brush  our  teeth  every  day  and  rinse  them  with 
pure  clean  water.  This  will  wash  out  all  the 
germs  that  would  soon  injure  our  teeth  if  they 
were  left  in  the  mouth. 

If  we  will  care  for  our  teeth  when  we  are 
young  we  will  not  need  to  have  false  teeth  when 
we  are  old. 

QUESTIONS 

1 .  What  are  our  mouths  like?   Why  like  a  mill? 

2.  What  is  there  in  the  mouth  that  corresponds  to 
the  rocks  in  the  mill? 

3.  Is  there  a  little  baby  in  your  home?    Has  it  any 
teeth?  Can  you  tell  me  why?  Yes,  that  is  right.  Teeth 
are  given  us  to  chew  food  with.    The  little  baby  does 
not  eat  any  hard  or  solid  food,  and  therefore  he  does 


A  CHILD'S  CALENDAR  61 

not  need  any  teeth  yet.  When  he  is  a  little  older  pretty 
white  teeth  will  be  given  him.  By  the  time  he  is  four 
or  five  years  old  he  will  have  twenty  of  these  little  baby 
teeth.  But  he  cannot  keep  the  first  teeth  long.  They 
would  be  too  little  and  weak  to  do  him  much  good  when 
he  gets  to  be  a  big  boy. 

4.  Did  you  ever  notice  the  twig  of  a  tree  just  after 
the  leaves  had  fallen?    What  did  you  find  on  the  stem 
where  the  old  leaf  had  grown?    That  is  right,  a  tiny 
new  leaf  was  pushing  its  way  out.    And  that  is  just 
what  happens  to  the  teeth.    When  a  boy  or  girl  gets 
to  be  about  eight  or  ten  years  old,  a  set  of  new  teeth 
begins  to  grow  down  in  the  gums  under  the  baby  teeth. 
As  these  new  teeth  grow  longer  they  push  up  the  baby 
teeth,  and  cause  them  to  get  loose  and  fall  out.    When 
the  new  teeth  appear  they  are  strong  and  hard,  that 
they  may  last  a  long  time,  if  taken  care  of  as  Uncle  Ned 
did  his. 

5.  How  many  things  do  we  know  that  we  may  do  to 
make  our  teeth  last  a  long  time? 


A  CHILD'S  CALENDAR 

January  first  is  cold, 

February  winds  are  bold, 

March  runs  whistling  round  the  hill, 

April  laughs  and  cries  at  will. 


62  THE  TOOTHBRUSH  BRIGADE 

Lovely  are  the  woods  in  May, 
Happy  June  is  our  time  to  play ; 
In  July  we  lazy  grow, 
August  hours  are  quite  as  slow. 

But  September  school  days  are  fleet ! 
In  October  nuts  grow  sweet ; 
Sad  November's  friends  are  few, 
But,  December,  we  love  you, 
For  you  bring  Saint  Nick  I" 


THE  TOOTHBRUSH  BRIGADE 

The  toothbrush  brigade  is  a  happy  club 

We  boys  and  girls  have  made, 

We  try  to  care  for  our  teeth 

So  they'll  not  be  decayed. 

And  so  we  have  promised  one  and  all, 

At  morning  and  at  night, 

To  brush  them  clean  and  white. 

First  across  we'll  brush  them, 
Well  then  up  and  down  we  go, 
Then  open  wide  the  mouth  you  see, 
And  do  just  as  before. 


THE  TOOTHBRUSH  BRIGADE 


64  MR.  FLY  AND  MRS.  MOSQUITO 

So  carefully  we'll  rinse  them,  too, 
You'll  see  a  healthy  sight. 
Our  teeth  so  clean  and  white. 

And  now  my  friends  a  word  to  you 

Before  we  leave  the  stage, 

If  your  teeth  you  would  preserve, 

Down  to  a  nice  old  age, 

Go  get  your  toothbrush  and  water,  too, 

And  start  this  very  night 

To  brush  them  clean  and  white. 

CHORUS 

Happy,  healthy,  little  children, 
Happy,  healthy,  little  children, 
Happy,  healthy,  little  children, 
In  our  toothbrush  brigade. 

— M.  E.  Stokes. 


MR.  FLY  AND  MRS.  MOSQUITO 

One  day  in  the  summer,  Mr.  Fly  and  Mrs. 
Mo&quito  stopped  to  rest  on  the  window  pane  of 
a  house  in  the  country. 


ME.  FLY  AND  MRS.  MOSQUITO 


Mr.  Fly,  after  sitting  for  some  time  rubbing  his 
nose  with  his  front  feet,  looked  up  and  said,  "  Good 
morning." 

"Mr.  Fly,"  replied  Mrs.  Mosquito,  "I  do  not 
believe  that  we  have  met  before." 

"No,"  said  Mr.  Fly,  "but  I  am  glad  to  meet 
you  to  day.  I  have  long  wanted  to  do  so.  May 
I  ask  where  you  live  ?  " 

"Ah  me,  Mr.  Fly,"  replied  Mrs.  Mosquito,  "I 
have  been  having  a  rather  hard  time  lately.  You 
have  heard  of  my  family,  and  know  that  with  a 
number  of  brothers  and  sisters,  I  was  hatched  in 
a  small  pond  near  the  meadow.  Life  went  well 
with  us  for  a  while.  But  one  afternoon  I  heard  foot- 
steps coming  nearer  and  nearer.  I  could  not  un- 


66  MR.  FLY  AND  MRS.  MOSQUITO 

derstand  what  terrible  beast  was  coming  down  to 
tn<s  pond  to  drink.  I  shivered  with  fear  and  darted 
as  fast  as  I  could  to  the  bottom  of  the  pond. 
However,  I  soon  had  to  come  to  the  top  again  to 
get  a  good  breath,  as  I  thought  I  was  going  to 
suffocate.  Dearie  me;  why  cannot  we  get  air  at 
the  bottom  of  the  pond  as  well  as  at  the  top. 

"My  heart  was  beating  with  fear  as  I  still  heard 
the  footsteps,  and  presently  I  could  hear  voices. 
A  voice  said,  '  Where  are  all  the  members  of  this 
brigade  ? ;  What  could  it  mean  ?  What  is  a  bri- 
gade? Some  one  cried  out,  'Here  we  come  to 
give  him  the  oil/  Looking  up  I  saw  a  number  of 
girls  and  boys,  'The  Mosquito  Brigade/  they  called 
themselves.  They  laughed  and  talked  as  if  they 
were  a  gay  crowd.  One  said,  'Here  they  are/ 
and  then  said,  'This  will  get  them/ 

"I  wondered  what  in  the  world  they  could 
mean.  I  soon  learned  what  they  were  about. 

"  I  smelled  a  terrible  odor,  and  peeping  out  from 
the  mud  (at  the  bottom  of  the  pond  in  which  I 
was  hiding),  I  saw  something  thick  and  terrible 
coming  down  like  rain  in  the  pond. 

"  I  ran  through  the  mud  to  the  far  end  of  the 


MR.  FLY  AND  MRS.  MOSQUITO  67 

pond  and  hid.  Oh,  how  that  stuff  did  smell!  I 
thought  it  would  surely  smother  me. 

"  I  stayed  in  the  mud  until  the  next  day.  I  did 
not  dare  peep  out.  When  I  did  look  out  nothing 
could  I  see  on  the  bottom  of  the  pond  but  my 
dead  brothers  and  sisters.  They  had  not  been  as 
quick  as  I  and  had  been  smothered  by  that  dread- 
ful stuff .  Ah  me !  I  had  scarcely  strength  enough 
to  live.  Life  seemed  very  hard. 

"The  next  thing  I  remember  I  was  sailing 
down  the  pond  in  a  canoe  Mother  Nature  built 
for  me.  It  was  just  large  enough  to  be  perfectly 
comfortable.  I  slept  the  greater  part  of  the  time 
I  was  in  the  little  canoe.  I  stayed  in  there  several 
days  and  many  times  old  Father  Wind  sent  a 
breeze  that  nearly  upset  my  little  craft.  I  grew 
some  wings  finally  and  flew  away  from  that  awful 
pond.  I  hope  that  I  can  always  escape  that  'Mos- 
quito Brigade'  and  that  deadly  oil.  I  shall  be  very 
busy  for  a  while  and  may  yet  have  my  revenge,  if 
I  can  poison  some  member  of  it  with  malaria  germs. 

"I  have  finished  my  story.  Pray,  tell  me  of 
yourself,  Mr.  Fly,  you  look  very  happy/7  "Well/' 
said  the  fly,  "  I  was  hatched  in  the  corner  of  a 


68  MR.  FLY  AND  MRS.  MOSQUITO 

stable  where  it  was  damp  and  warm.  I  staved  in 
an  egg  one  day.  Then  I  was  a  white  crawling  thing 
for  nine  days.  I  ate  all  this  time.  At  the  end  of 
that  time  I  slept  a  while  and  then  I  was  grown. 
I  can't  tell  you  how  big  I  felt  the  day  I  first 
stretched  my  wings  for  flight. 

"Just  listen  to  what  I  have  done  since  that 
happy  day.  I  have  crawled  over  a  person  who 
had  small-pox  and  got  some  germs  which  I  carried 
to  a  girl  across  the  street.  I  went  into  a  house 
and  sat  on  a  bed  in  which  a  little  girl  was  lying. 
The  doctor  came  in  and  after  staying  there  a 
while  he  said, '  Typhoid  fever/  I  was  sorry  for  the 
little  child  with  her  red  swollen  face.  I  left  her 
and  walked  on  the  bed.  I  knew  that  my  feet 
were  loaded  with  germs  when  I  flew  out.  OS  I 
went  to  the  country. 

"  The  first  home  I  passed,  a  little  tot  of  a  boy, 
sitting  on  the  step,  was  eating  milk  and  mush  out 
of  a  bowl.  When  he  took  the  spoon  from  his 
mouth  I  got  into  it  and  sucked  all  the  milk  I  could 
get.  I  left  him  the  germs  that  I  had  been  carry- 
ing. This  was  a  pretty  good  day's  work,  don't  you 
think?  The  next  morning  I  flew  away  to  the  next 


MR   FLY  AND  MRS.  MOSQUITO  69 

house,  but  dear  me,  I  found  that  a  fly  would  have 
to  carry  his  own  rations  there. 

"This  was  a  new  thing  to  me.  I  met  one  of 
my  friends  who  told  me  that  it  would  be  just  as 
well  for  me  to  travel  on.  The  folks  who  lived  in 
this  house  had  been  going  to  the  lectures  of  the 
Health  Doctor.  The  doctor  had  told  them  to 
clean  up  the  stable,  to  screen  the  house,  and  to 
cover  the  well.  I  tell  you,  Mrs.  Mosquito,  that 
man  is  trying  to  put  me  out  of  business.  I  fear 
that  I  shall  have  a  hard  time  in  the  future  if  he 
stays  in  this  neighborhood.  I  am  not  as  happy 
as  I  once  was,  so  I  will  say  good-bye." 

"Good-bye,  friend  Fly,"  said  Mrs.  Mosquito, 
"I  am  glad  we  met  near  our  old  home." 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Where  did  the  mosquito  meet  the  fly? 

2.  What  did  the  mosquito  carry? 

3.  What  did  the  fly  do  to  the  man  who  had  small- 
pox? 

4.  Why  could  not  the  fly  get  in  the  house  in  the 
country? 

5.  What  was  the  Health  Doctor  teaching  the  people 
in  the  country? 


A  HYGIENE  SONG 

TUNE  : "  YE-HO  " 


A  POLK  SONQ 


1.  We're    for     hap  -    pi  -  ness     and  health,     hur  -  rah  I        But       we 

2.  We're    for     sun  -  shine    and   fresh    air,      hur  -  rah !         Mi  -  crobes 


m 


have         no       claims      on       wealth,      hur    -    rah  I          And        we 
can    -    not         live        in         there,      hur    -    rah  1          San    -     i  - 


stand    for      all    that's  clean,  Flies  must      go,    this    sure  doth  mean, 
ta    -    tion      is      our      aim,      No     moa  -   qui  -  toes      do     we  claim, 


^~~^^* 

—  j   j    r^=g— 

=^  ES  1 

TO-  *  *~ 

m  9.  ^  y  

U  J_l  

tr 

So         we 
For       we 

CHORUS. 

E^_  N  :gj 

trap       and      swat      and 
oil        and     screen     and 

.     .     f     .  —  Tr 

screen,       hur    -      rah  I 
drain,       hur    -      rah  ! 

f    r    r    r—^F 

_J  1  _|  E-H- 

Then  it's      rah,       rah,       rah,      for    the     Hy  -  giene    work,     The 


best  we've     ev  -  er    done.  We'll  have  none  who    du  -  ty  shirk,  We'll  have 


on  -  ly  those  who  work,  Ma  -  ny     to     our  cause  are  won,  hur  -  rah  ! 


OUR  LITTLE  ENEMIES 


71 


OUR  LITTLE  ENEMIES 
"Hello,  Central,  give  me  1882, 
Mrs.  Consumption  Germ.  Oh,  is 
that  you,  I  am  so  glad  to  hear 
your  voice.  Do  tell  me  what  you 
have  been  doing  this  long  time  ! " 
"Oh,  my  good  friend  Pneu- 
monia, I  have  been  hiding  away  all  these  years  to 
keep  the  doctors  from  finding  me.  I  did  not  want 
them  to  learn  about  me.  I  feared  that  they  would 
destroy  me  entirely. 

"But  with  all  my  care,  do  you  know  that  just 
a  few  years  ago,  an  old  German  doctor  pulled  me 
out  of  my  hiding  place  and  showed  me  to  the 
world.  Since  then  I  and  my  family  have  had 
little  peace. 

"I  have  to  be  mighty  careful,  or  I  fear  that 
these  doctors  who  are  turning  all  sorts  of  magni- 
fying glasses  on  my  people  will  finally  drive  us 
from  the  earth.  They  already  have  us  on  the 


72  OUR  LITTLE  ENEMIES 

run.  In  the  meantime  we  are  playing  a  game  of 
1  catch  me  if  you  can/  Sometimes  we  get  on  pen- 
cils or  sticks  of  candy.  Then  again  we  roll  and 
turn  somersaults  on  a  nice  red  apple  and  are  passed 
from  one  mouth  to  another  by  over-polite  children. 

"Sometimes,  some  of  my  children  swim  in  the 
milk  or  travel  on  a  fly's  foot. 

"I  don't  like  sunshine  at  all.  I  dote  on  dark 
places  where  the  wind  does  not  blow. 

"I  like  poor  people  better  than  rich  ones, 
because  the  poor  have  not  money  enough  to  buy 
good  food,  fresh  air,  and  rest,  the  weapons  the 
rich  use  to  fight  us  with. 

"Last  week  I  went  to  a  Fourth  of  July  cele- 
bration on  a  grain  of  dust — my  airship,  I  called  it. 
Whom  do  you  think  I  saw  there?  Young  Mr. 
Lockjaw  Germ ;  do  you  know  I  think  that  he 
has  gotten  the  big  head.  Probably  the  war  in 
Europe  has  something  to  do  with  it.  For  I 
believe  that  he  and  his  family  are  very  prominent 
among  the  soldiers  in  Belgium.  I  hear  also  that 
in  America  the  folks  are  trying  to  put  him  out  of 
business,  especially  since  fire-crackers  are  not  used 
so  much.  Some  man  had  to  start  a  'Sane  Fourth 


OUR  LITTLE  ENEMIES  73 

of  July/  That  was  a  sane  Fourth  of  July  celebra- 
tion that  I  attended,  and  I  must  say  that  Mr. 
Lockjaw  Germ  looked  a  bit  lonely." 

"Do  tell  me,  Mrs.  Consumption  Germ,"  said 
her  friend  Pneumonia  Germ,  "have  you  heard 
about  the  Diphtheria  family?  They  are  having  a 
hard  time." 

"  These  French  doctors  have  found  something 
that  will  even  prevent  children  from  having  diph- 
theria. They  call  it  anti-toxin.  I  never  did  like 
antis  anyway,  did  you? 

"Mrs.  Typhoid  Germ  tells  me  that  her  family  is 
not  as  large  as  it  used  to  be,  all  because  of  an 
anti-toxin." 

"My,  my,  what  shall  we  do!"  said  Mrs.  Consump- 
tion Germ,  "even  the  school  people  are  after  us.  I 
heard  Miss  Measles  and  little  Master  Scarlet  Fever 
say  that  a  doctor  comes  every  day  to  some  of  the 
schools.  They  said  that  in  some  of  the  school-rooms 
the  teacher  had  the  nerve  to  hang  a  placard,  on 
which  was  printed,  'Prevention  Better  Than  Cure/ 

"  Til  tell  you  I  don't  like  these  new  times ;  this 
Hygiene  the  people  talk  of  is  a  regular  ogre  to 
our  children, 


74  OUR  LITTLE  ENEMIES 

"In  some  schools  the  teachers  are  even  having 
lunches  for  the  little  children  who  are  pale  and 
thin.  They  are  having  their  eyes  examined. 
Some  are  having  adenoids  taken  out,  just  to  make 
those  children  so  strong  that  we  can't  catch  them. 

"I  thought  that  I  had  a  fair  chance  to  get 
little  Jimmy  Brown,  but  his  teacher  talked  to  his 
mother  one  day  at  recess.  The  next  day  his 
mother  whisked  him  off  down  town  and  had  the 
doctor  take  the  adenoids  from  behind  his  nose. 
Now  he  is  as  strong  as  any  little  boy,  because  he 
can  breathe  through  his  nose.  So  I  lost  my 
chance  at  him,  you  see." 

"Yes,  indeed/7  said  Mrs.  Consumption  Germ, 
"one  can't  even  hide  in  an  old  stump  of  a  tooth. 
Some  man  with  sharp-looking  things  tells  you  that 
o-u-t  spells  '  out  and  begone/  as  we  used  to  say 
in  playing  the  game." 

"Do  you  know  I  believe  that  man  Pasteur 
was  our  greatest  enemy?" 

"  Tell  me,  who  was  he  ?  "  said  Mrs.  Consumption 
Germ. 

"Well,  he  was  a  man  who  lived  in  France. 
He  discovered  the  germ  that  killed  the  silk -worm 


OUR  LITTLE  ENEMIES  75 

and  also  the  cause  of  the  loss  of  grapes  in  that 
country. 

"The  wine  and  silk  merchants  of  that  coun- 
try paid  him  immense  sums  of  money  for  this 
work. 

"He  studied  all  about  our  friends  and  rela- 
tives, and  it  was  he  who  first  started  all  this  anti- 
toxin, which  saves  the  people,  but  which  kills  us 
by  the  millions. 

"But  with  all  this  great  work  and  the  work 
of  their  great  men,  we  sometimes  catch  folks  nap- 
ping. We  catch  our  greatest  enemy,  the  white 
blood-cells,  when  they  are  without  their  fighting 
clothes  on,  and  then  we  get  busy.  In  this  way 
we  can  make  up  for  a  great  deal  of  lost  time. 

"Of  course,  you  have  heard  of  Dr.  Jenner. 
He  was  another  enemy  of  ours.  He  taught  the 
people  about  vaccination,  which  keeps  them  from 
having  small-pox.  I  am  glad  to  say  there  will 
always  be  a  few  persons  who  do  not  follow  these 
new  ideas.  If  this  were  not  true,  one  would 
starve  to  death. " 

"I  know,  Mrs.  Pneumonia  Germ,  that  you 
love  close,  damp,  places.  I  am  sure  that  fresh 


76  OUR  LITTLE  ENEMIES 

air  makes  you  nervous.  What  will  you  do  now 
that  the  factories  and  mills  are  to  be  cleaner  and 
better  ventilated  ?  We  used  to  find  plenty  to  do 
with  the  old  order  of  things. 

"Dr.  Sunshine,  Dr.  Fresh  Air,  and  Dr.  Good 
Food  are  certainly  doing  all  they  can  to  drive  us 
out  of  the  country. 

"We  will  go  to  the  great  cities,  and  I  suspect 
that,  for  a  long  time  yet,  we  can  find  a  home  for 
our  little  ones  in  the  miserable  homes  of  the  poor; 
and,  notwithstanding  all  this  talk  of  hygiene, 
health,  and  sanitation,  I  believe  that  some  of  the 
homes  and  factories  will  always  furnish  us  with 
hiding  places  in  which  to  rear  our  families." 

"Well,  I  must  say  good-bye,  Mrs.  Germ,  as  1 
see  Dr.  Fresh  Air  coming,  and  I  do  not  care  to 
speak  to  him ;  he  does  not  treat  me  cordially. 
Good-bye." 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Who  was  Pasteur?    Where  did  he  live?    What 
did  he  do  for  the  merchants  of  France? 

2.  Who  was  Jenner?    What  disease  did  he  show  the 
people  how  to  prevent? 

3.  Why  did  Jimmy  Brown  grow  well  and  strong? 


ONE  LITTLE  GIRL  77 

ONE  LITTLE  GIRL 

One  little  girl 

Said,  "Oh,  dear,  dear, 
I  want  to  go  to  school, 

I  will  be  late,  I  fear. 

"I  am  sure  I  won't  forget 

To  brush  my  teeth  to-night, 
Just  to  put  off  a  while, 
I  know  will  be  all  right." 

One  little  germ 

Said,  "Here  is  work  to  do;" 
Other  little  germs 

Said,  "We  are  coming,  too." 

A  million  little  germs 

Got  to  work  right  then, 
Made  a  little  hole, 

And  soon  made  ten. 

One  little  girl, 

In  very  gr^at  pain, 
Said,  "  I  never  will  forget 

To  brush  my  teeth  again.'1 


78  CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING 

CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING 

Long,  long  ago,  on  the  banks  of  the  Rhine, 
there  lived  a  brave  and  war  like  tribe  called 
Franks.  Their  name  means  " Freemen."  I  always 
think  Frank  is  a  very  nice  name  for  a  boy  or 
girl  to  have.  It  is  so  grand  to  be  really  and 
truly  free. 

These  Franks  had  for  their  leader  a  king,  and, 
at  the  time  I  am  going  to  tell  about,  their  king 
was  a  boy.  His  name  was  Olovis  and  he  was  only 
sixteen  years  old.  You  would  hardly  think  that 
a  boy  could  rule  those  fierce  warriors,  but  he  was 
such  a  brave  and  fearless  boy,  and  had  such  a 
good  sensible  head  that  they  were  glad  to  follow 
him.  He  was  never  afraid  of  anything,  even  when 
he  was  a  little  fellow,  and  he  could  tame  and  ride 
the  wildest  horse  as  well  as  the  best  man  among 
them. 

One  day  a  great  idea  came  into  the  heads  of 
the  Frankish  warriors.  They  thought  they  would 
leave  their  old  homes  on  the  banks  of  the  Rhine 
and  go  and  settle  in  a  new  country  called  Gaul. 
It  would  have  been  easy  enough,  perhaps,  if  there 


CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING  79 

had  been  nobody  there  but  the  natives  and  the 
wild  beasts,  but  that  was  not  the  case. 

The  Eomans  were  there.  I  am  sure  you  have 
heard  of  the  Komans  and  how  very  strong  and 
warlike  they  were.  Their  soldiers  conquered  the 
world  and  were  very  seldom  beaten.  They  had 
an  army  in  this  country  of  Gaul. 

Clovis  was  not  afraid  of  the  Romans,  however, 
and  he  marched  against  them.  The  two  armies 
stood  facing  each  other  and  the  two  leaders  came 
out  to  speak  together  in  an  open  space  between 
the  camps. 

The  Roman  general  was  very  big  and  grand, 
and  he  had  Roman  soldiers  on  each  side  of  him  in 
splendid  uniform.  Clovis  was  accompanied  by 
some  of  his  brave  followers.  When  the  Roman 
leader  saw  Clovis,  he  burst  out  laughing  and  cried, 
"Why,  he's  a  boy!  A  boy  has  come  to  fight 
against  the  Romans!"  He  thought  it  was  so 
funny  that  a  boy  of  sixteen  should  dare  to  fight 
against  him  that  he  couldn't  do  anything  but 
laugh.  Clovis  did  not  like  this  at  all,  and  he 
shouted  back,  "Yes,  but  the  boy  will  conquer 
you ! " 


80 


CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING 


YES.  BUT  THE  BOY  WILL  CONQUER  YOU  I" 


CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING  81 

Then  came  the  battle,  and  the  Roman  general 
found  it  wasn't  so  funny  aftev  all.  For  the  boy 
did  conquer  him  and  he  ran  away.  Afterwards 
the  Franks  gained  the  country  for  themselves  and 
called  it  their  own  name,  France. 

I  believe  in  boys.  I  think  they  can  do  almost 
anything.  I  believe  in  girls,  too,  just  as  much.  The 
girls  did  not  fight  in  this  battle  I  have  been  telling 
you  about,  but  there  is  another  and  better  kind  of 
battle  in  which  boys  and  girls  fight  side  by  side. 

The  old  kind  of  battle  in  which  men  were 
killed,  and  little  children  lost  their  fathers,  was 
very  bad  and  very  sad,  at  the  best.  In  the 
new  kind  of  battle  people  don't  kill  each  other, 
and  yet  they  fight  very  hard  against  their  enemies 
and  have  to  be  very  brave. 

Let  me  tell  you  about  a  few  of  these  battles. 
One  that  is  going  on  now  is  the  battle  against 
Disease.  Very  likely  you  have  heard  the  grown 
folks  talk  about  consumption,  and  saying  that  it 
is  one  of  the  worst  enemies  of  our  American  peo- 
ple, and  kills  thousands  and  thousands  every  year. 
Men  and  women  and  boys  and  girls  are  joining 
together  to  fight  against  consumption  and  make 


82  CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING 

an  end  to  ii^  and  a  big  fight  it  is.  Then,  again, 
in  the  struggle  with  yellow  fever  some  of  our  noble 
American  heroes  willingly  laid  down  their  lives. 

Another  great  battle  is  against  Dirt.  Dirt 
causes  people  to  get  sick  and  die,  and  since  we 
have  known  this  we  have  been  fighting  hard 
against  it.  The  boys  and  girls  have  helped  a 
great  deal  in  this  battle. 

One  of  the  finest  fights  to  be  in  is  the  battle 
against  Tobacco.  What  do  you  think?  Could 
the  boys  and  girls  defeat  the  use  of  tobacco  and 
drive  it  out  of  the  country  if  they  tried  hard 
enough  ?  I  really  believe  they  could. 

But,  perhaps,  you  have  not  all  made  up  your 
minds  that  it  would  be  a  good  thing  to  fight 
tobacco.  Let  us  think  of  some  of  the  reasons 
why  we  should  fight  it. 

REASON  NUMBER  ONE  is  because  the  tobacco 
habit  is  a  dirty  habit.  Are  the  lips  of  the  smok- 
ing boy  nice  and  clean  for  mother  to  kiss?  What 
about  his  hands  ?  Isn't  he  ashamed  of  that  yellow 
stain  that  won't  come  off?  How  much  cleaner 
the  streets,  and  cars,  and  railway  stations  would 
be  if  nobody  used  tobacco  ! 


CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING  83 

KEASON  NUMBER  Two  is  because  tobacco  in- 
jures a  boy's  body.  It  hurts  Jiis  heart,  causing  it 
to  beat  too  fast  for  a  while  and  afterwards  making 
it  weak  and  tired.  It  hurts  his  lungs,  for  when 
he  draws  the  smoke  in  he  carries  the  poisonous 
nicotine  to  the  tender  and  delicate  air-cells.  We 
must  talk  more  about  that  at  another  time.  It 
hurts  his  stomach  and  gives  him  indigestion,  and 
no  one  knows  how  bad  that  is  until  he  has  had  it 
for  himself. 

EEASON  NUMBER  THREE  is  because  tobacco 
harms  a  boy's  mind.  Boys  who  don't  smoke 
make  better  grades  than  those  who  do.  Some 
college  boys  found  this  out  for  themselves  a  while 
ago.  Don't  you  forget  it. 

REASON  NUMBER  FOUR  is  because  it  is  a  dan- 
gerous habit.  The  insurance  men,  whose  business 
it  is  to  find  out  what  causes  the  fires,  say  that 
cigarette  smokers  are  often  to  blame,  because 
they  throw  the  cigarettes  down  with  fire  on  them. 

If  you  spend  nickels  on  cigarettes,  a  dollar  is 
soon  gone.  You  don't  exactly  burn  the  dollar 
bill,  but  you  spend  the  bill  and  buy  cigarettes, 
and  burn  them.  Isn't  that  just  the  same  as  burn- 


84  CLOVIS,  THE  BOY  KING 

ing  the  bill,  after  all?  If  a  boy  spends  a  nickel  a 
day  on  cigarettes,  how  much  will  he  lose  in  a 
week?  Thirty  cents  in  six  week-days.  In  four 
weeks,  what  will  he  have  spent?  A  dollar  and 
twenty  cents.  A  month  is  a  little  over  four  weeks, 
so  we  will  add  an  extra  nickel  to  find  what  he 
spends  a  month.  A  dollar  and  a  quarter.  How 
much  will  this  come  to  in  twelve  months?  Is  that 
too  hard  for  you,  I  wonder?  Fifteen  dollars. 
Dear  me,  how  quickly  money  runs  away  !  Surely 
no  one  ought  to  smoke  cigarettes  unless  he  has 
more  money  than  he  knows  what  to  do  with. 

REASON  NUMBER  FIVE  is  because  smoking  is  an 
enslaving  habit.  By  that  I  mean  it  makes  boys 
into  slaves. 

So  here  are  five  reasons  why  we  should  fight 
against  it.  Let  us  see  how  many  of  them  you 
can  remember. 

I  hope  that  all  you  boys  and  girls  will  be  as 
brave  as  Clovis,  and  now  that  you  see  how  much 
harm  tobacco  and  alcohol  are  doing  to  your  peo- 
ple, you  will  get  ready  for  the  fight  and  will  say, 
"Yes,  you  are  strong  and  terrible  foes,  but  boys 
and  girls  will  conquer  you/7 


WHAT  TEMPERANCE  BRINGS  85 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Who  were  the  people  that  were  called  Franks? 
What  does  the  name  mean? 

2.  Who  was   Clovis?     What   kind  of  a  boy  king 
was  he? 

3.  What  country  did  the  boy  king  with  his  Franks 
y^ant  to  conquer? 

4.  Who  won  the  battle? 

5.  What  kind  of  a  battle  can  both  girls  and  boys 
fight? 

6.  Name  some  of  these  battles.     (Disease,   Dirt, 
Tobacco,  and  Alcohol.) 

7.  What  are  the  five  reasons  why  all  boys  and  girls 
should  fight  the  battle  against  Tobacco? 

WHAT  TEMPERANCE  BRINGS 

More  of  good  than  we  can  tell ; 

More  to  buy  with,  more  to  sell ; 

More  of  comfort,  less  of  care  ; 

More  to  eat  and  more  to  wear ; 

Happier  homes  and  faces  brighter ; 

All  our  burdens  rendered  lighter ; 

Conscience  clean  and  minds  much  stronger ; 

Debts  much  shorter,  purses  longer ; 

Hopes  that  drive  away  all  sorrow  ; 

And  something  laid  up  for  to-morrow. 


86 


THE  WHITE  SHIP 


THE  WHITE  SHIP 

We  are  going  to  have  a  story  to-day  about 
something  that  happened  nearly  eight  hundred 
years  ago. 

In  that  far-away  time  there  lived  a  King  of 
England  whose  name  was  Henry  I.  He  was  a 
great  warrior,  and  his  enemies  generally  had  the 
worst  of  it  in  battle.  But  he  was  still  greater  as 
a  ruler,  and  he  made  the  people  of  England  keep 
the  laws.  When  they  disobeyed,  he  punished  them 
severely. 

A  certain  scholar  wrote  down  the  story  of  his 
reign  and  we  have  it  still.  He  said  Henry  "was 


THE  WHITE  SHIP  87 

a  good  man  and  great  was  the  awe  of  him/' 
That  is,  the  people  rather  feared  him  because  he 
was  so  strict.  He  said,  too,  that  while  Henry  was 
king  no  one  dared  "  ill-do  to  man  or  beast." 

King  Henry  was  sometimes  called  the  Lion 
of  Justice,  because  he  was  so  great  and  powerful, 
and  all  wrong-doers  were  afraid  of  him. 

He  had  another  nickname,  too.  They  called 
him  Fine  Scholar  because  he  could  read  and 
write.  Very  few  persons  in  those  old  days  could 
do  these  things.  The  clergy  were  almost  the  only 
ones  who  went  to  school  and  learned  how. 

We  who  live  now-a-days  should  be  very  glad 
and  thankful  that  we  have  good  schools  and 
kind  teachers,  and  lesson  books  that  are  full  of 
interesting  things. 

King  Henry  had  one  son  whom  he  loved  very 
much,  indeed.  His  name  was  William.  He  was 
a  fine  boy,  and  the  people  of  England  were  very 
fond  of  him.  They  expected  that  some  day,  when 
his  father  died,  William  would  be  King  in  his 
turn  Indeed,  they  had  already  promised  Henry 
that  whenever  that  happened,  they  would  be 
faithful  and  true  to  his  son. 


88  THE  WHITE  SHIP 

Not  very  far  from  England  is  the  country 
called  France.  A  narrow  sea  separates  the  two. 
The  English  call  it  the  Channel  and  the  French 
call  it  the  Sleeve — perhaps  because  it  is  some- 
thing like  a  sleeve  in  shape. 

Henry  was  very  often  over  in  France  because 
he  had  some  possessions  there.  His  father  had 
come  from  France  and  conquered  England,  so  he 
had  land  on  both  sides  of  this  narrow  sea.  Though 
it  is  narrow,  it  is  very  rough,  and  sailors  have  to 
be  very  careful  in  crossing  it. 

One  time  Henry  and  his  son  had  been  over  in 
France  doing  some  fighting.  They  overcame  their 
enemies  and  made  ready  to  set  sail  for  England. 
They  were  about  to  start  when  a  captain  came 
up  to  the  King  and  begged  him  to  sail  in  his 
ship.  He  was  very  anxious  to  have  the  honor  of 
carrying  him  across  the  Channel.  He  had  carried 
over  the  King's  father,  William  the  Conqueror, 
when  he  went  to  invade  England.  He  said  that  he 
had  a  beautiful  new  boat  called  the  White  Ship. 
There  were  fifty  strong  men  to  do  the  rowing, 
and  they  had  sails  besides.  Of  course,  there  were 
no  steam-boats  in  those  old  times. 


THE  WHITE  SHIP  80 

Now  King  Henry  had  already  made  his 
arrangements,  and  he  did  not  like  to  change 
them.  But,  to  please  the  captain,  he  said  he 
would  send  his  treasure  in  his  new  ship — the 
precious  things  he  had  taken  in  war  and  was 
carrying  home  to  England.  More  than  that,  he 
said  he  would  let  the  captain  take  charge  of  the 
greatest  treasure  he  had  in  the  world,  his  only  son, 
who  was  then  seventeen  years  old.  So  William 
sailed  with  Captain  Fitz-Stephen. 

The  King  was  in  a  hurry  to  get  home,  and  he 
started  as  soon  as  the  tide  would  let  him. 

In  the  White  Ship  with  Prince  William  a  great 
many  knights  and  nobles  sailed.  Some  of  his  own 
relatives  were  there,  and  many  boys  and  girls 
belonging  to  the  chief  families  of  England.  They 
wanted  to  have  a  good  time,  so  they  had  a  grand 
feast  on  board  ship  before  they  started  on  the 
voyage.  They  shouted  and  danced  on  the  deck, 
and,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  they  drank  a  great  deal 
of  wine.  They  did  one  thing  that  was  specially 
foolish.  They  made  the  sailors  drink,  too.  They 
opened  three  barrels  of  the  wine  and  divided  it 
among  them.  They  ought  to  have  known  that 


90  THE  WHITE  SHIP 

the  sailors  would  need  steady  hands  to  take  the 
ship  across  that  dangerous  sea.  But  they  did  not 
think.  It  grew  later  and  later,  and  darker  and 
darker,  and  there  was  no  moon  that  night.  Some 
people  began  to  be  afraid  to  trust  themselves  in 
that  ship,  and  they  got  off  and  waited  till  morning 
for  another  one.  Most  of  them,  however,  were  feel- 
ing too  merry  and  jolly  to  be  afraid  of  anything, 
and  away  they  sailed.  The  rowers  pulled  with  all 
their  might  and  the  helmsman  steered  for  England. 

A  man  who  has  been  using  strong  drink, 
though,  is  not  fit  to  steer  a  ship  or  anything  else. 
It  has  been  found  out  that  after  even  a  very  little 
wine  or  beer  one  cannot  guide  so  well,  or  do  any- 
thing else  properly  that  needs  a  clear  brain  and 
steady  nerves. 

Alcohol  makes  people  stupid.  We  all  know 
that  if  they  drink  a  good  deal  of  it,  it  takes  their 
senses  altogether  away,  so  that  they  don't  know 
anything  and  can't  do  anything.  So,  if  they 
drink  a  little  of  it,  it  takes  their  senses  partly  away 
and  they  are  not  so  bright  as  they  should  be. 
They  do  not  see  danger  when  it  comes  and  then 
accidents  happen. 


THE  WHITE  SHIP  91 

The  helmsman  of  the  White  Ship  was  made 
stupid  by  the  wine  and  he  was  not  able  to  do  his 
work.  They  had  not  gone  very  far  before  he 
steered  the  ship  on  a  rock.  There  was  a  terrible 
crash  and  a  terrible  cry,  and  the  water  began  to 
rush  in  through  the  hole  which  had  been  made. 

Quickly  a  boat  was  lowered  and  Prince  Wil- 
liam was  hurried  into  it,  and  the  rowers  rowed 
away  with  him.  But  he  heard  a  voice  calling 
for  help  and  knew  it  was  his  sister's,  so  he  made 
the  sailors  turn  back  to  save  her.  When  they  did 
so,  ever  so  many  people  jumped  in  and  the  little 
boat  could  not  hold  them.  They  all  went  to  the 
bottom. 

No  one  escaped  from  that  dreadful  shipwreck 
except  one  man  who  held  on  to  the  top  of  the 
mast  till  help  came  next  day.  When,  at  last,  he 
reached  land  he  told  how  the  young  prince  and 
his  sister  had  been  drowned,  and  also  a  hundred 
and  forty  noble  youths  and  girls,  and  the  Captain 
and  the  fifty  rowers,  and  everyone  else  on  board 
except  himself — all  because  of  wine. 

What  a  dangerous  drink  this  alcohol  is,  and 
how  many  accidents  it  has  caused !  It  sends  the 


92  THE  WHITE  SHIP 

brain  to  sleep  so  that  it  cannot  do  its  work,  and 
when  that  is  the  case  we  never  know  what 
dreadful  thing  may  happen  next. 

When  anything  puts  the  brain  to  sleep,  we  call 
it  narcotic.  Alcohol  is  a  narcotic  poison.  No 
one  should  ever  use  it  who  wants  to  pilot  a  ship, 
or  steer  an  automobile,  or  drive  a  train,  or  shoot 
a  gun,  or  run  a  machine  in  a  factory. 

King  Henry  was  a  busy  man,  and  he  went 
home  as  quickly  as  he  could  and  attended  to 
his  work.  He  was  very  much  surprised  that 
William  and  the  others  did  not  come,  and  he 
kept  wondering  where  they  could  be. 

When  the  sad  news  reached  the  palace,  no 
man  dared  go  in  and  tell  the  King.  At  last,  they 
sent  a  little  boy  into  his  room — a  page  who  waited 
on  the  ladies  and  gentlemen — and  he  fell  at  the 
King's  feet. 

"0,  King  ....  Prince  William  ....  the 
White  Ship  I" 

When  poor  King  Henry  understood  what  had 
happened,  he  fell  down  in  a  faint.  They  say  that 
all  the  rest  of  his  life  he  was  very  sad.  No  one 
ever  saw  him  smile  again.  One  thing  we  must 


THE  WHITE  SHIP  93 

never  forget  about  strong  drink  is  this :  It  does 
not  only  bring  trouble  to  the  people  who  use  it, 
but  to  many  others  besides.  King  Henry  had 
nothing  to  do  with  the  drinking  on  board  the 
White  Ship.  He  was  not  even  there,  and  did  not 
know  about  it.  But  it  caused  him  to  lose  his 
boy  and  girl,  both  in  one  night. 

In  our  days,  too,  it  makes  more  trouble  than 
any  one  can  possibly  imagine.  Although  the 
wreck  of  the  White  Ship  happened  nearly  eight 
hundred  years  ago,  it  was  not  by  any  means  the 
first  accident  brought  on  by  alcohol.  Drink  has 
always  done  these  things.  It  has  always  made 
men's  heads  dull  and  their  hands  unsteady.  It 
has  caused  them  to  be  hurt  and  to  lose  their  lives. 
The  strange  thing  is  that,  although  every  one 
knows  it  does  this,  so  many  people  venture  to 
use  it.  We  should  all  do  well  to  remember  the 
proverb,  "  Where's  there's  drink  there's  danger/' 

"  Write  it  o'er  the  railroad  wreck, 
Write  it  on  the  sinking  deck, 
Write  upon  our  hearts  the  truth, 
Let  us  learn  it  in  our  youth — 
Where  there's  drink  there's  danger." 


94  A  QUEER  CASE 

A  QUEER  CASE 

Agnes,  you  and  John  may  look  at  this  watch. 
Don't  you  think  its  covering  is  very  pretty  ?  The 
covering  of  the  watch  is  called  its  case.  Now  we 
will  open  it,  and  you  may  look  inside  and  see 
what  this  pretty  case  covers.  Look  at  all  these 
little  wheels.  How  small  they  are !  Do  you  think 
they  would  stay  in  place  long,  or  run  and  keep 
time,  if  we  bruised  them  or  took  off  the  case? 
Then  you  see  the  case  is  not  only  pretty,  but 
useful.  It  keeps  the  little  wheels  from  getting 
broken  or  dirty.  It  protects  them  from  harm. 

Look  at  the  covering  or  case  of  your  body. 
It  covers  and  protects  you  just  as  the  case  does 
the  works  in  the  watch.  Well,  let  me  tell  you  a 
story  about  it.  The  covering  of  your  body  covers 
a  number  of  organs  which  are  even  more  wonderful 
than  the  little  wheels  in  the  watch. 

This  covering  of  your  body  is  full  of  little  holes. 
These  holes  are  too  small  to  be  seen  with  our 
naked  eyes.  Through  these  holes  air  and  sun- 
shine get  into  your  body,  and  through  these  tiny 
holes  little  drops  of  water  come  out.  This  is  sweat, 
and  it  helps  to  keep  our  bodies  cool.  When  you  run 


A  QUEER  CASE  95 

and  play,  these  little  drops  of  water  keep  you 
from  getting  too  warm.  They  also  help  to  keep 
your  body  clean  by 
bringing  out  the  little 
bits  of  dirt. 

I  wonder  if  we  are 
like  a  little  pig,  who, 
when  his  mother  asked 
him  what  kind  of  a 
house  he  wanted,  said, 
umud  house  ?"  If  so, 
we  will  have  the  little 
holes  all  closed  up. 
Then  we  won't  have  a 
nice,  soft,  pink  skin 
that  will  let  the  little 
drops  of  water  through, 
but  we  will  have  a  dirty, 


p.w. 


IS  THIS  YOU? 


muddy-looking  skin. 

When  we  run  and  play 

we  get  so  warm  that  it  will  make  us  sick.    But  if 

we  take  nice  warm  baths  twice  a  week  at  night, 

and  a  cool  sponge  bath  every  morning,  with  good 

clear  water  and  soap,  we  will  be  like  the  watch, 


96  A  QUEER  CASE 

and  have  a  beautiful  covering,  and  this  will  help 
to  keep  our  wonderful  organs  and  body  well  and 
strong.  We  must  bathe  our  hands  often,  and  keep 
the  covering  on  them  nice  and  clean.  Sometimes 
germs  get  on  our  hands,  and,  if  we  do  not  wash 
them  often,  we  may  carry  them  to  our  mouths. 
Sometimes  this  is  the  way  we  "  catch  "  a  disease, 
because  we  do  not  keep  the  covering,  or  case,  on 
our  hands  clean. 


WATCH  THE  BIRDS 


Did  you  ever  watch  the  little  birds  as  they  fly 
down  to  a  gutter,  or  little  stream  of  water,  how 
they  dip  their  bills  into  the  water?  Do  they  just 
fly  down  into  the  water  only  to  get  a  drink? 
No,  indeed.  They  fill  their  bills  with  water  and 


THE  LITTLE  GIRL  AND  THE  BUTTERFLY         97 

pour  it  all  over  their  feathers.  They  get  into  the 
water,  and  such  a  splashing  they  have  !  All  birds 
and  animals  wash  themselves  clean  and  nice  when 
they  can  get  to  water.  Old  Rover  has  a  good 
time  swimming  and  bathing  in  the  creek.  This 
is  the  way  they  keep  their  skins  nice  and  clean, 
and  their  hair  and  feathers  slick  and  shining. 

u  Drink  less,  breathe  more  ; 
Eat  less,  chew  more  ; 
Eide  less,  walk  more ; 
Worry  less,  work  more  ; 
Preach  less,  practice  more." 

— Selected. 


THE  LITTLE  GIRL  AND  THE  BUTTERFLY 

Virginia  is  a  little  girl  who  lives  in  Not  Far- 
Away  Land.  Her  mother  is  a  wise  woman,  and 
she  wants  her  little  girl  to  grow  up  into  a  strong 
and  beautiful  young  woman. 

Some  days  Yirginia  pouts  and  is  cross.  She 
does  not  go  out  to  play.  She  cries  for  things  her 
mother  does  not  want  her  to  have.  She  will  not 


98         THE  LITTLE  GIRL  AND  THE  BUTTERFLY 


THE  LITTLE   GIRL  AND  THE  BUTTERFLY 


THE  LITTLE  GIRL  AND  THE  BUTTERFLY         99 

take  a  nap  in  her  snug  little  bed.  She  cries  for 
candy,  and  will  not  eat  her  bread  and  butter. 

One  day  Virginia  was  sitting  on  the  door-step, 
pouting ;  she  had  forgotten  to  be  good  that  day. 
Presently,  a  beautiful  butterfly  fluttered  down 
near  her. 

Virginia  forgot  all  her  naughty  thoughts  and 
said,  "Tell  me,  pretty  Butterfly,  where  did  you 
come  from  and  what  made  you  so  beautiful?" 

The  Butterfly  turned  its  pretty  head  and  looked 
at  Virginia  a  moment.  Then  it  said,  "  Little  girl, 
I'll  tell  you  a  secret  if  you  will  forget  your  pouts 
and  listen." 

Virginia  promised. 

"I  was  an  egg  once;  for  you  know,  little  girl, 
every  living  thing  comes  from  an  egg.  This  egg 
hatched,  and  a  little  green  worm  crawled  out. 
This  little  green  worm  was  I,  and  I  did  not 
know  then  that  some  day  I  would  be  a  beautiful 
butterfly. 

"I  was  a  good  little  worm,  and  did  all  the  things 
Mother  Nature  told  me  to  do.  I  ate  the  things 
that  were  good  for  me.  I  liked  nice,  juicy  leaves 
• — and  Mother  Nature  told  me  they  would  make 


100       THE  LITTLE  GIRL  AND  THE  BUTTERFLY 

me  grow  big  and  strong.  Little  babies  and  little 
calves  have  nice  warm  milk  to  make  them  grow, 
and  little  worms  eat  nice,  tender,  green  leaves. 
I  chewed  them  up  fine,  so  that  my  very  little 
stomach  could  digest  them.  Do  you  like  your 
bread  and  butter? 

"  I  do  not  cry  for  things  Mother  Nature  tells  me 
are  not  good  for  me.  Every  day  I  take  plenty  of 
cool,  fresh  water  to  drink  from  the  drops  I  find 
on  the  leaves.  Little  worms,  as  well  as  little  girls, 
need  cool,  pure  water. 

"  You  should  see  my  bath-tub  ;  it  is  a  rose  leaf 
filled  with  dewdrops.  Oh,  how  clean  and  sweet  I 
am  after  my  daily  bath !  I  am  fresh  and  fit  for 
my  travels  over  the  green  bushes  and  pretty  rose 
vines. 

"Once  I  climbed  to  the  top  of  a  high  maple 
tree,  and  rested  on  a  leaf,  white  I  watched  the 
folks  below  passing. 

"  After  I  had  eaten,  and  bathed,  and  played  as 
long  as  Mother  Nature  wanted  me  to,  I  curled  up 
in  a  tiny  cradle  and  went  fast  asleep. 

"My  nap  lasted  a  long  time — all  winter.  All 
babies  need  sleep,  you  know  ;  it  makes  them  grow 


THE  LITTLE  GIRL  AND  :THE -BUTTERFLY       101 

healthy  and  strong.  Mother  Nature  was  wise  ; 
she  hung  my  cradle  to  the  branch  of  a  tree, 
where  it  would  be  in  the  pure  fresh  air  while  I 
was  sleeping.  The  winds  sang  sweet  lullabys  to 
me.  Some  fine  days  Jack  Frost  would  go  whist- 
ling by.  Sometimes  an  icicle  would  swing  on 
the  same  branch  with  me.  When  the  warm  sun 
came  out  from  behind  the  clouds,  down  would  go 
the  little  icicle  to  the  ground,  shattered  and  spark- 
ling like  a  thousand  diamonds.  All  this  time  I 
was  tucked  away  in  my  warm,  brown  cradle, 
waiting  for  the  gentle  spring  breezes  to  wake  me. 

"  One  day  I  woke  from  my  long  nap  to  find  that 
I  was  a  beautiful  creature.  Mother  Nature  had 
dressed  me  in  wonderful  colors.  My  wings  were 
gaudy.  She  had  given  me  graceful  legs  on  which 
to  walk,  and  a  pretty  head  and  body.  I  could 
fly  from  flower  to  flower.  I  did  not  eat  leaves 
any  more,  but  I  drank  nectar  from  the  flower 
cups. 

"I  love  the  sunshine,  the  clear  water,  the 
green  grass,  the  bright  flowers,  and  I  love  to 
hear  the  birds  sing  in  the  trees.  I  love  to  see 
the  bees,  as  they  rove  from  flower  to  flower  to 


102       THE  LITTLE  GIRL  AND  THE  BUTTERFLY 

gather  honey.     Life  seems  one  long,  sweet  song 
as  I  flit  here  and  there. 

"  Little  girl,  if  you  will  listen  to  your  mother 
as  I  listened  when  Mother  Nature  told  me  how  to 
grow  strong  and  beautiful,  you  will  grow  to  be  a 
strong,  healthy  girl,  with  rosy  cheeks  and  spark- 
ling eyes.  To  be  strong  and  healthy  is  to  be 
beautiful." 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Why  was  Virginia  cross?    How  did  she  behave? 

2.  What  fluttered  down  by  her?    What  story  did 
the  butterfly  tell  Virginia? 

3.  What  kind  of  food  did  Mother  Nature  prepare 
for  the  little  baby  that  one  day  was  to  be  a  butterfly? 
Was  this  different  from  the  food  it  needed  when  it  grew 
into  a  butterfly? 

4.  What  food  is  good  for  the  little  babies  in  the  home 
and  the  little  baby  calves? 

5.  When  did  baby  butterfly  sleep?     Is  fresh  air 
good  for  the  baby  in  your  home?  Was  it  good  for 
Virginia? 

6.  What  was  the  baby  butterfly's  cradle  made  of? 


LITTLE  BAREFOOT 


103 


LITTLE  BAREFOOT 

"Look  out,  little  Barefoot,  the  hookworm  will 
catch  you  if  you  don't  watch." 

This  is  what  Will  seemed  to  hear  a  wee  small 
voice  say  one  day  as  he  stepped  briskly  along  the 
dewy  path.  Will  was  driving  the  cows  to  the 
cool,  green  pasture  down  in  the  meadow. 

Will  always  drove  old  Brindle  and  Bess  to  the 
pasture  every  morning  before  he  went  to  school. 


104:  LITTLE  BAREFOOT 

Brindle  and  Bess  loved  the  juicy  grass  in  the 
meadow  pasture.  They  loved  to  drink  the  cool 
brook  water.  They  would  stand  knee-deep  in  it 
on  hot  days.  Soft  pictures  of  the  cows,  and  the 
tall  trees,  and  the  clouds  could  be  seen  in  its  water. 

When  the  sun  was  high  in  the  sky,  at  noon- 
time, old  Brindle  and  Bess  would  lie  down  under 
the  trees  near  the  brook,  and  chew  and  think, 
and  chew  and  think. 

One  afternoon  Will  came  home  from  school 
limping,  and  tired,  and  hot.  His  feet  hurt  him, 
so  he  begged  his  mother  not  to  send  him  for  the 
cows,  but  to  let  some  one  else  bring  Brindle  and 
Bess  home  at  milking  time. 

Will's  mother  knew  that  something  was  surely 
wrong,  for  Will  liked  nothing  better  than  to  call 
faithful  Rover  and  romp  away  to  the  pasture. 
His  mother  looked  at  his  feet  and  found  them 
blistered  and  very  sore. 

"  We  will  call  the  doctor,"  she  said. 

Uncle  John  looked  wise  when  he  came  to  see 
the  little  fellow. 

"  Ah,  ha !  you  have  been  going  barefooted,  my 
little  man,  and  some  young  hookworms  that  were  in 


LITTLE  BAREFOOT  105 

the  ground  or  grass  have  gone  through  the  skin 
on  your  feet  and  made  your  toes  and  feet  sore." 

"What  are  hookworms,  Uncle ?"  asked  Will. 
Uncle  John  told  him  this : 

"The  hookworm  is  a  very  small  worm,  about 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  or  a  little  more,  when 
it  is  grown.  It  was  first  brought  to  America 
from  Africa  by  the  negroes — the  slaves  that  the 
Dutch  people  traded  to  our  forefathers  in  the 
colonial  days. 

"The  little  worm  is  called  the  'American 
Murderer/  because  it  kills  so  many  people  of  the 
southland.  It  does  not  hurt  the  little  negro  chil- 
dren as  badly  as  it  does  the  white  children. 

"The  hookworm  eggs  are  hatched  in  the  sand. 
The  young  hookworm  sheds  its  skin  two  or  three 
times,  growing  a  little  larger  each  time  it  sheds. 

"Sometimes  it  will  crawl  upon  a  grass  blade, 
or  lie  in  the  sand  until  a  little  barefooted  boy  or 
girl  comes  stepping  along.  (The  worm  is  now  so 
small  that  it  cannot  be  seen.)  The  little  folks 
step  on  the  worm,  and  it  pushes  its  way  through 
the  skin.  This  is  when  it  makes  the  sores  on  the 
feet  and  between  the  toes. 


106  LITTLE  BAREFOOT 

"  As  soon  as  the  little  hookworms  get  through 
the  skin  they  go  into  the  blood.  They  are  carried 
to  the  heart  and  lungs  by  the  veins.  They  go 
from  the  lungs  into  the  wind-pipe,  and  then  crawl 
from  the  wind-pipe  into  the  gullet.  It  is  then  an 
easy  matter  for  them  to  get  into  the  food  tube  in 
the  body. 

"The  mouth  of  the  hookworm  has  a  sharp 
hook  which  it  fastens  into  the  wall  of  the  food 
tube.  It  hangs  there  and  sucks  all  the  blood  it 
wants.  A  hookworm  will  suck  a  drop  of  blood  a 
day.  In  feeding  themselves  they  are  slowly  bleed- 
ing the  person,  drop  by  drop.  This  is  the  reason 
the  boys  or  girls  who  have  hookworms  look  so 
pale,  and  feel  so  tired  all  the  time.  The  hookworm 
robs  them  of  the  good  rich  blood,  and  makes 
children,  and  even  grown  persons,  dull  and  lazy. 
The  disease  keeps  children  from  growing. 

"It  is  easy  to  cure  the  disease,  but  it  is  better 
to  prevent  it.  We  can  prevent  hookworm  dis- 
ease by  preventing  the  ground  from  being  polluted. 
Polluted  ground  means  that  which  is  made  unclean 
with  waste  matter  from  our  bodies.  The  eggs  are 
found  in  this  matter  which  pollutes  the  ground. 


THE  LITTLE  FAIRIES  107 

"Now,  Will,  always  wear  your  shoes,  and  see 
that  the  soles  are  good  and  thick.  Then,  even 
though  the  ground  is  unclean,  hookworms  can't 
get  to  your  feet.  I  am  sure,  now  that  you  know 
about  hookworms,  you  will  not  go  barefooted 
through  the  lanes  again/' 

QUESTIONS 

1.  What  was  the  matter  with  Will's  feet  when  he 
did  not  want  to  go  for  the  cows? 

2.  What  caused  the  ground-itch  blisters  on  his  feet? 

3.  How  did  the  hookworms  get  into  Will's  feet? 

4.  In  what  part  of  the  body  do  the  hookworms  make 
their  stopping-place? 

5.  How  do  they  get  from  the  feet  into  the  intestines? 

6.  How  may  infected  persons  get  rid  of  hookworms? 

7.  How  may  the  hookworm  disease  be  prevented? 

THE  LITTLE  FAIRIES 

Once  there  was  a  little  girl  who  was  very 
beautiful.  This  little  girl  was  a  princess,  and  her 
name  was  Hilda.  Hilda  had  many  servants  in 
her  home  to  do  her  bidding.  She  had  two  little 
servants  to  wait  on  her,  and  each  of  these  little 
servants  had  five  other  little  servants.  These 
little  servants  were  called  hands  and  fingers. 


108  THE  LITTLE  FAIRIES 

She  had  two  little  servants  to  carry  her  every- 
where she  wanted  to  go.  These  were  called  feet. 
She  had  two  little  servants  to  see  for  her,  called 
eyes;  two  to  hear  for  her,  called  ears;  one  to 
talk  for  her,  called  tongue  ;  and  servants  to  chew 
for  her,  called  teeth. 

Hilda  took  great  pride  in  keeping  these  little 
servants  clean  and  sweet.  But  one  day  Hilda 
grew  cross.  She  would  not  keep  her  little  hand- 
servants  clean,  and  they  would  not  wash  her  little 
eyes,  or  ears,  or  feet,  and  these  other  little  servants 
would  not  do  their  duty. 

Soon  her  little  teeth  were  dirty,  for  her  hands 
gathered  all  the  germs  they  could  find  and  carried 
them  to  her  pretty  little  mouth.  Her  little  hand- 
servants  would  not  curl  her  hair,  which  got  tangled 
and  ugly.  The  little  teeth  would  not  chew  her 
food  well,  so  Hilda  had  a  bad  night  with  the 
colic.  In  fact,  her  little  servants  treated  Hilda 
so  badly  that  her  mother  was  afraid  some  wicked 
person  had  sent  an  evil  spirit  over  them.  I  am 
afraid  that  this  was  true,  for  Hilda  was  cross,  and 
sent  that  spell  into  her  little  servants. 

Things  went  on  this  way  for  a  whole  day, 


THE  LITTLE  FAIRIES  109 

when  Hilda's  mother  decided  to  carry  her  to 
her  Fairy  Godmother,  and  see  if  she  could  do 
anything  to  take  this  evil  spirit  from  Hilda. 

Hilda's  Godmother  was  at  home.  The  mother 
told  her  about  how  things  had  been  going.  The 
Godmother  was  very  sad.  After  talking  it  all 
over,  she  gave  Hilda  a  large  bundle  to  carry 
home,  and  told  her  not  to  open  it  until  she  reached 
the  nursery.  As  soon  as  Hilda  got  to  her  own 
clean  little  room,  she  started  to  untie  the  bundle. 
She  heard  a  tiny  little  voice,  saying,  "  Hurry  up, 
little  Hilda,  we  are  waiting  for  you."  As  soon  as 
she  unwrapped  the  first  piece  in  the  bundle,  a  pail 
of  nice  warm  water,  with  sponge,  soap,  and  towel, 
jumped  out,  and  began  washing  her  face  and 
hands.  A  toothbrush  jumped  out,  and  began  wash- 
ing her  teeth ;  a  golden  comb  combed  her  pretty 
curls ;  a  little  fairy  jumped  out  and  took  off  her 
dirty  dress  and  put  a  clean  one  on  her ;  and 
another  small  fairy  laced  up  her  shoes,  and  then 
ran  about,  killing  all  the  germs  she  could  find. 

When  the  fairies  and  all  the  other  wonders 
had  finished  their  work,  Hilda  was  again  a  beau- 
tiful little  girl,  and  more  like  a  little  princess  than 


110 


THE  LITTLE  FAIRIES 


WHAT  THE  FAIRIES  DID  FOB  LITTLE  HILDA 

ever.  The  Fairy  Godmother  came  into  the  room 
and  stooped  and  kissed  her. 

Hilda,  all  of  a  sudden,  opened  her  eyes  and 
saw  her  beautiful  mother  standing  over  her,  kiss- 
ing her.  Hilda  rubbed  her  eyes  and  found  that 
she  had  been  asleep. 

"0,  mother/'  she  said,  "I  have  been  asleep, 
and  I  had  such  a  funny  dream,  and  the  fairies 
were  so  nice  to  me."  Hilda  promised  her  mother 


THE  RED  CROSS    SEAL  111 

that  she  would  never  neglect  her  little  servants 
again.  This  made  the  mother  very  happy,  and, 
for  making  that  promise,  she  bought  Hilda  a  nice 
new  doll,  dressed  like  a  fairy. 

Hilda  was  so  proud  of  her  doll  that  she  named 
her  Fairy.  Fairy  has  been  very  good  to  Hilda, 
for  every  time  she  plays  with  her  doll,  Hilda 
always  makes  sure  that  her  face  and  hands  are  as 
clean  as  her  little  doll's. 

QUESTION 

1.  What  lesson  can  we  get  from  this  story? 

THE  BED  CROSS  SEAL 

I  am  only  a  tiny  bit  of  paper,  with  a  little 
green  and  red  color  in  the  form  of  a  cross  or  a 
wreath.  I  am  not  much  larger  than  a  postage 
stamp.  I  am  going  to  tell  you  of  some  of  the 
work  I  have  done  for  mankind  in  this  big  world, 
notwithstanding  my  small  size.  Please  don't  think 
I  am  boasting  of  myself  in  an  unbecoming  man- 
ner. I  wras  made  long,  long  years  ago,  when  our 
grandfathers  were  just  soldiers,  and  fighting  each 
other  in  a  long  and  bloody  war. 


112 


THE  RED  CROSS  SEAL 


The  mothers  and  wives  of  these  soldiers  were 
constantly  thinking  out  some  plan  by  which  they 
could  do  something  for  the  "boys"  at  the  front. 
It  is  hard  to  sit  with  idle  hands  when  those  we 
love  are  in  the  thick  of  battle,  and  I  sometimes 
think  that  the  women  and  children  suffer  most  in 
our  great  wars. 

So,  in  1862,  when  the  days  were  very  dark, 
when  the  battle  seemed  so  fierce,  and  when  the 
hospitals,  North  and  South,  were  crowded  with 
the  sick  and  wounded,  some  good  ladies  of  Boston 
thought  of  me.  They  decided  to  make  me  into  a 
stamp,  and  to  sell  me  to  get  money  to  help  the 
sick  soldiers.  I  was  made  and  sold  at  a  kind  of 
"post-office  booth"  at  many  fairs. 


THE  RED  CROSS  SEAL  113 

I  did  not  look  then  just  as  I  do  now — you  see 
the  style  of  my  dress  has  changed  with  the  change 
in  fashion.  I  have  taken  as  my  color  the  Bed 
Cross,  the  emblem  of  that  great  army  of  workers 
who,  in  1864,  first  organized  the  Bed  Cross 
Society  at  Geneva,  Switzerland.  This  society 
works  for  the  sick  and  suffering;  it  does  not 
matter  under  what  flag  they  live. 

Did  you  ever  think  of  what  a  great  thing  a 
flag  is?  Just  a  little  bit  of  cotton  with  a  few 

o 

colors  on  it,  the  red,  white  and  blue,  the  tri-color 
of  France ;  the  red,  white  and  black,  of  Ger- 
many ;  the  stars  and  stripes  of  our  own  free  land  ; 
or  the  Red  Cross  of  Greece  on  a  white  field,  the 
flag  of  the  Red  Cross  Society. 

Men  have  fought  and  died  for  the  thing  which 
these  bits  of  rag  and  color  mean  to  them. 

But  I  am.  getting  away  from  my  story.  With 
all  the  newness  of  the  idea,  and  my  very  small 
size,  I  helped  to  make  nearly  a  million  dollars 
during  that  terrible  war  between  our  own  beloved 
States.  This  money  was  used  for  the  benefit  of 
the  sick  and  wounded  soldiers. 

My  mission  has  always  been  one  of  mercy.     I 


114  THE  RED  CROSS  SEAL 

cannot  but  feel  good  when  I  think  over  the  days 
of  the  past,  and  recall  to  memory  the  deeds  I 
have  done. 

For  a  long  time  after  that  war  I  had  nothing 
to  do  but  to  think  of  these  past  deeds,  and,  as  1 
thought  of  the  poor  fever-stricken  soldiers  to 
whom  I  had  brought  medicine  to  cool  their  fever, 
and  how  I  had  gotten  bandages  to  bind  the 
wounds  made  by  shot  and  shell,  I  thought  sadly 
that  I  was  forgotten,  and  that  my  mission  was 
ended.  These  thoughts  were  sad,  for  I  knew  there 
was  a  work  to  be  done,  and  I  wanted  to  be  up 
and  about  it.  I  wondered  if  the  time  would  ever 
come  when  I  could  go  on  another  errand  of  mercy. 
I  felt  that  I  must  be  needed  somewhere  in  the  big 
world,  but  I  hoped  I  would  never  see  another  war. 

The  time  of  waiting  was  a  weary  one,  but  one 
day  in  1892  I  heard  a  call  from  little  Portugal, 
far  across  the  ocean.  I  was  needed  by  the  Red 
Cross  there  to  aid  in  getting  money  for  the  sick 
and  suffering. 

Since  I  answered  that  call  I  have  been  at  work 
in  every  country  in  the  world ;  in  coldest  Russia, 
in  sunny  Italy,  and  even  in  far-away  Australia. 


THE  RED  CROSS  SEAL  115 

Sometimes  I  work  to  provide  money  for  sol- 
diers, for  men  will  not  stop  fighting  each  other, 
and  the  Red  Cross  owes  allegiance  to  the  sick  and 
wounded  of  every  nation.  Sometimes  I  work  for 
the  benefit  of  the  homeless  ones;  and,  again,  I 
work  for  hospitals  for  sick  children.  My  work  is 
broad,  indeed. 

I  have  always  been  happy  in  this  work,  for  it 
is  a  great  one,  but  in  the  year  1907  I  started  the 
work  I  like  best  of  all. 

It  was  that  year  that  Miss  Emily  Bissell,  a 
little  woman  of  Delaware,  did  what  Jacob  Riis 
suggested.  He  suggested  that  Americans  adopt 
the  plan  already  begun  in  Norway  and  Sweden. 
This  was  to  sell  the  Red  Cross  stamps  to  aid 
in  raising  money  for  the  great  fight  against 
tuberculosis. 

So  the  first  real  seal  for  this  purpose  was 
issued  in  1908,  and  since  that  time  I  have  brought 
to  this  cause  over  a  million  dollars.  One  little 
seal,  on  which  shines  a  red  cross  of  Greece, 
for  one  little  penny,  has  grown  and  grown,  until 
with  the  seals  and  pennies  I  have  made  over  a 
million  dollars  to  help  suffering  human  beings. 


116  THE  RED  CROSS  SEAL 

Now,  let  me  tell  you  how  it  has  been  done. 
I  am  printed  about  six  weeks  before  Christmas. 
After  I  am  printed,  with  my  red  crosses  and  holly 
wreaths,  and  "  Merry  Christmas/'  agents  adver- 
tise me  in  every  nook  and  corner  of  the  country. 
I  go  to  every  little  village — especially  where  there 
are  women  interested  in  doing  good  for  others. 

I  am  sold  to  seal  packages  to  go  to  far-away 
countries ;  I  am  used  to  paste  on  the  back  of  let- 
ters; I  go  everywhere  carrying  the  message  of 
"  Peace  and  good  will  to  men." 

In  every  place  that  I  go  some  one  is  talking 
and  writing  about  how  to  prevent  tuberculosis, 
the  "great  white  plague,"  as  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes  called  it — the  terrible  disease  that  has 
killed  so  many  people — more  than  all  the  wars 
of  the  world.  Seventy-five  to  ninety  per  cent,  of 
all  the  money  I  bring  is  used  in  the  community 
in  which  I  am  sold. 

The  money  I  bring  is  used  to  hire  nurses  to  go 
down  into  the  crowded  city  districts  to  care  for 
the  poor  consumptives  crowded  in  the  tenement 
houses.  It  may  help  to  send  a  poor  little  cripple, 
with  tuberculosis  of  the  hip-joint,  to  the  " Fresh 


THE  RED  CROSS  SEAL  117 

Air  Home7'  in  the  mountains,  where  she  has  a 
chance  to  get  well.  It  often  aids  in  sending  a 
tired,  sick  mother  to  the  seashore  in  summer, 
where  she  finds  rest  and  health.  It  aids  in  send- 
ing some  one  to  the  schools  to  teach  the  gospel 
of  fresh  air,  good  food,  and  pure  water  for  the 
children. 

So  you  see  my  mission  has  always  been  one  of 
mercy,  hope  and  health.  Yet  I  am  such  a  little 
thing — just  a  bit  of  paper,  bearing  a  little  red 
cross  on  a  white  shield,  worth  only  a  penny. 
"  Great  oaks  from  little  acorns  grow/'  you  know. 

QUESTIONS 

1.  When  were  the  first  stamps  used  to  make  money 
for  charitable  purposes? 

2.  Who  first  suggested  using  such  stamps  to  aid  the 
fight  on  tuberculosis? 

3.  Who  was  Jacob  Riis?    Who  was  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes? 

4.  Why  is  the  cross  of  Greece  used  on  the  stamps? 
What  does  it  signify? 

5.  What  is  done  with  the  money  gotten  from  the 
sale  of  the  Red  Cross  seal? 

6.  Do  you  think  it  a  good  cause?    Why?    Will  you 
join  the  band  of  workers  who  are  fighting  "the  great 
white  plague?" 


118 


THE  SAND  BED 


THE  SAND  BED  119 

THE  SAND  BED 

I  have  a  sand  bed,,  and  there  1  play, 
There  in  the  sand  for  half  the  day. 

And  mother  comes  and  sits  by  me ; 
And  little  sister  likes  to  see 

The  many  things  I  make  of  sand, 
But  she's  too  young  to  understand. 

And  then  I  make  believe  and  say 
My  sand  bed  is  the  sunny  bay ; 

These  blocks  are  boats,  and  far  away 
They  sail  all  night  and  sail  all  day, 

And  carry  iron.     When  they  return 
They  bring  us  coal  that  we  may  burn. 

And  now  my  sand  bed  is  a  farm. 

This  is  the  barn.     Here,  safe  from  harm, 

My  horses  and  my  cows  I  keep. 
These  sheds  are  for  the  woolly  sheep. 

And  there  you  see  my  piggie's  pens. 
The  yard  holds  in  the  lively  hens. 


120  THE  HOUSE  THAT  JACK  BUILT 

This  is  the  garden,  where  I  hoe 

My  plants  :  and  here  the  flowers  grow. 

The  sticks  are  pines,  so  straight,  so  tall 
And  dark.     But  these  aren't  half  of  all 

The  things  I  make  each  pleasant  day 
Out  in  the  sand  bed  where  I  play. 


THE  HOUSE  THAT  JACK  BUILT 

"  Oh,  Jack,  Uncle  John  says,  if  we  will  build  a 
play-house  for  Mary  and  her  dolls,  he  will  take  us 
to  Washington  with  him  when  he  goes  next 
month." 

"All  right,  Stuart,  we  can  do  it.  Let  us 
begin  right  away.  Here  is  a  nice  place  for  the 
house,  just  on  the  little  hill.  The  ground  is  nice 
and  sandy,  and  the  rain-water  runs  off.  Here 
are  some  pretty  trees  for  shade.  The  hill  is  not 
high  enough  for  it  to  be  very  cold. 

"Now,  for  the  house.  We  will  place  it  so  that 
it  will  face  the  south.  Then  the  living  rooms  will 
have  plenty  of  sunshine.  We  will  put  it  about 
two  feet  off  the  ground,  in  order  that  it  will  not 


THE  HOUSE  THAT  JACK  BUILT 


121 


THE  SLEEPING  PORCH  THAT  JACK  BUILT 

be  damp ;  we  can  have  a  wide  piazza  nearly  all 
around  the  house ;  and  on  the  south  piazza  we 
can  screen  off  a  part  for  a  sleeping  porch.  I  am 
sure  the  dolls  would  like  one, 

"We  will  screen  every  door  and  window  to 
keep  the  flies  and  mosquitoes  out  of  the  house. 
Mary  says  that  each  room  must  have  at  least  two 
windows.  She  wants  the  walls  of  the  rooms 
painted  a  soft  cream  color.  We  will  oil  and  wax 
the  floors.  She  can  put  a  few  rugs  on  them. 
She  does  not  want  large  ones  that  she  cannot  take 
up  when  she  sweeps. 

"The  little  white  iron  beds,  with  dainty  pil- 
lows and  white  covers,  will  surely  please  the 
dolls. 


122  THE  HOUSE  THAT  JACK  BUILT 

"  Even  in  the  parlor  we  will  not  have  a  single 
chair  with  plush  or  velvet  on  it,  for,  Uncle  John 
says,  such  furniture  collects  and  holds  germs. 
The  plan  for  the  kitchen  is  a  beauty.  Everything 
is  white  except  the  stove.  There  is  a  nice  little 
table,  and  a  cupboard,  where  the  pans  and  dishes 
are  to  be  kept.  The  table  is  covered  with  zinc, 
and  the  floor  is  covered  with  oil-cloth,  so  that  it 
will  be  easy  to  keep  it  clean.  A  shelf,  on  which 
are  fastened  hooks  for  spoons  and  forks,  is  near 
the  sink. 

"The  windows  will  have  white  muslin  sash 
curtains.  Mother  says  it  is  just  the  kitchen  to 
delight  the  heart  of  a  neat  little  cook,  with  <a 
place  for  everything,  and  everything  in  its  place/ 

"Look  at  the  cloth-covered  broom  we  are 
going  to  use  for  sweeping ;  no  dust  and  no  feather- 
dusters  in  this  play-house. 

"We  can  put  the  well  here;  this  is  near  the 
house  and  on  a  hill  above  the  barn  and  chicken 
houses.  We  can  put  a  little  gasoline  engine  in, 
to  pump  water  into  the  bathroom  and  kitchen. 

"  We  will  plant  some  roses  in  the  yard. 

"Well,    Stuart,    we    have   worked    hard    on 


THE  HOUSE  THAT  JACK  BUILT  123 

Mary's  doll-house,  and,  now  that  it  is  finished,  I 
am  sure  Uncle  John  will  take  us  on  the  promised 
trip/1 

"I  showed  the  house  to  Uncle  John  to-day, 
Jack,  and  he  said  he  wished  that  some  of  the 
' grown-ups'  houses  were  as  carefully  planned  for 
sunshine  and  health  as  Mary's  doll  house," 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Why  did  Jack  and  Stuart  build  a  sleeping  porch 
to  the  doll  house? 

2.  Why  did  they  put  the  house  on  a  little  hill?    Why 
did  they  put  the  barns  and  out-houses  at  the  foot  of  the 
hill? 

3.  Where  did  they  place  the  well? 

4.  Why  did  they  use  a  cloth-covered  broom  for 
sweeping? 

5.  Would  this  be  a  good  way  for  grown-ups  to 
build  their  houses? 


124 


THE  LION  AND  THE  MOUSE 


A  NEW  STORY  OF  THE   LION  AND 
THE  MOUSE 

A  long  while  ago,  so  the  story  goes,  there  was 
a  time  when  the  Lion,  King  of  Beasts,  had  a  little 
mouse  at  his  mercy.  The  Lion  was  about  to  crush 
the  mouse  with  his  paw.  The  little  mouse  begged 
for  his  life,  and  the  great  King  of  Beasts  spared  him. 

Not  a  great  while  after  that  day  the  Lion  was 
caught  in  a  net.  He  could  not  get  out,  and 
howled  with  rage.  The  little  mouse  heard  him, 
and  ran  to  help  his  old-time  friend. 

The  great  King  of  Beasts  did  not  think  the 
little  mouse  could  help  him.  But  the  mouse 
gnawed  the  cords  in  the  net  with  his  teeth,  and 
thus  set  the  Lion  free. 

This  story  that  I  am  going  to  tell  you  is  of  a 
rat — a  kind  of  cousin  to  the  mouse. 


THE  LION  AND  THE  MOUSE  125 

In  many  of  our  cities  the  City  Fathers  have  not 
thought  much  of  the  many  rats  that  live  in  the 
alleys  and  big  warehouses,  where  cotton  and 
grain  are  stored. 

The  City  Fathers,  like  the  King  of  Beasts, 
have  looked  with  contempt  on  the  little  rats. 
They  did  not  believe  they  were  large  enough  to 
do  any  great  harm,  but  rats  and  mice  are  dirty 
little  animals  and  can  carry  disease.  The  Health 
Doctors,  who  are  always  digging  into  things,  have 
made  a  serious  charge  against  Mr.  Eat.  They 
say  that  he  is  the  " Carrier"  of  a  terrible  disease, 
and  that  he  is  to  be  more  feared  than  the  biggest 
lion. 

The  rats  have  brought  this  disease  from  the 
far-away  countries  in  Asia.  You  will  ask — How 
could  the  rats  bring  this  disease,  which  is  called 
"the  plague,"  since  they  cannot  swim  across  the 
ocean  ?  No,  that  is  true.  But  you  know  that  the 
rats  are  great  wanderers,  and  they  frequently  get 
on  the  ships  which  are  loaded  in  the  harbors  in 
China,  or  Japan,  and  travel  with  the  ships  to  the 
next  port.  You  must  remember  that  rats  have 
fleas  on  them.  In  the  far-away  country  the  fleas 


126  THE  LION  AND  THE  MOUSE 

bite  persons  who  have  the  plague.  The  fleas  then 
get  on  the  rats  in  the  neighborhood,  and  even 
give  the  plague  to  the  rats. 

When  the  ship  unloads  its  cargo,  in  Mobile, 
San  Francisco,  or  New  York,  these  rats,  with  their 
fleas  and  plague  germs,  go  ashore,  and  in  this  way 
they  spread  the  disease. 

When  the  fleas  from  the  rats  bite  persons,  they 
poison  them  with  the  plague  germs.  Many 
persons  in  Asia  die  of  this  disease  every  year. 

In  this  country  we  prevent  it  by  doing  what 
the  Lion  of  long  ago  did  not  do.  We  kill  the  rats, 
for  they  are  dirty  little  animals. 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Tell  the  story  of  the  Lion  and  the  Mouse.    Who 
wrote  this  fable?    What  is  a  fable? 

2.  Why  are  we  not  so  merciful  to  the  rat  as  the 
Lion  was? 

3.  What  disease  germs  does  the  rat  carry? 


FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED  127 

FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED  AND  THE 
BOY  SCOUTS 

"I  say,  Jack,  what  do  you  think  ;  I  am  going 
to  join  the  Boy  Scouts." 

"What  is  that,  Tom?  I  don't  know  anything 
about  Boy  Scouts.  Is  it  something  new?  You 
are  always  starting  some  new  stunt.  Is  it  playing 
soldier?" 

"Oh,  no,  Jack;  it  is  a  company  made  up  of 
boys,  who  are  learning  to  be  manly  and  brave. 
Being  a  Boy  Scout  takes  you  out-of-doors  a  great 
deal,  and  in  that  .way  it  helps  make  you  strong 
and  healthy.  I  wish  you  would  come  with  me 
and  join." 

"Well,  tell  me  all  about  it." 

"The  Boy  Scouts  were  organized  in  England, 
in  1907,  and  a  brother  organization  was  started 
in  America  in  1910.  It  was  started  by  men  who 
knew  all  about  boys,  and  who  wanted  to  help 
them  to  get  the  best  out  of  life. 

"The  Boy  Scouts  elect  leaders;  they  form 
troops,  that  is,  so  many  boys  under  one  leader. 
They  go  camping.  They  go  on  long  '  hikes/  A 


128  FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED 

hike  is  a  trip  into   the  country,  over  hills  and 
through  meadows. 

"The  Boy  Scout  must  learn  to  swim,  and  to 
do  many  things  to  help  himself,  and  to  help 
others.  A  Boy  Scout  has  to  promise  to  do  some- 
thing for  some  one  each  day — lend  a  helping  hand. 

"  Mr.  Brown,  the  lawyer,  is  our  Scout  Master. 
Come,  Jack,  join  us.  You  are  twelve  years  old. 
It  will  help  to  make  a  man  of  you.  A  number  of 
us  are  going  to  be  initiated  this  afternoon ;  then 
we  will  be  Tenderfoot  Scouts." 

"All  right,  Tom,  I'll  ask  mother.  I  am  pretty 
sure  she  will  let  me  join.  She  wants  me  to  be  a 
manly,  healthy  boy." 

SOME  THINGS  JACK  AND  TOM  LEARNED  TO  Do  AS 
BOY  SCOUTS 

(FIRST  AID,  IT  IS  CALLED) 

When  a  person  faints,  lay  him  flat,  loosen  his 
collar  and  belt,  and  bathe  the  face  in  cool  water. 

When  a  person  is  cut,  and  the  wound  is  bleed- 
ing, put  a  clean  cloth  on  the  wound,  and  press  on 
it  with  the  fingers  until  it  stops  bleeding,  or  until 
a  doctor  comes.  Tie  a  bandage  above  the  cut. 


FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED  129 

If  a  bone  is  broken,  carry  the  person  so  the 
broken  bone  will  not  tear  or  injure  the  flesh  near 
it.  Put  a  board  or  pillow  under  the  broken  bone 
to  steady  it. 

They  also  learn  to  bind  wet  soda  to  a  burn. 

To  put  clove  oil  or  turpentine  on  a  bit  of 
cotton  in  an  aching  tooth. 

To  put  three  drops  of  carbolic  acid  in  half  a 
teaspoonful  of  warm  glycerine  into  an  aching  ear. 

To  put  wet  cloths  on  the  throat  for  sick 
stomach. 

To  bathe  a  sprain  in  hot  water,  and  not  to 
bandage  until  it  stops  swelling. 

To  turn  an  eyelid  and  take  out  a  cinder,  or  a 
bit  of  dirt,  with  a  soft  cloth. 

When  a  person  has  taken  poison,  to  give  him 
something  to  make  him  vomit — salt  and  warm 
water,  or  mustard  dissolved  in  warm  water ;  call 
for  a  doctor. 

For  sunstroke,  to  put  the  person  in  a  cool  place, 
and  bathe  in  cool  water.  To  put  ice -cap  on  head. 

For  heat  prostration,  to  give  stimulants,  10  to 
12  drops  of  aromatic  spirits  of  ammonia  in  a  little 
water,  or  hot  drinks.  Put  hot-water  bottle  to  the  feet.. 


130  FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED 

When  on  fire,  to  lie  down,  not  to  run.  Wrap 
in  a  rug  or  blanket,  or  anything  that  will  shut  off 
the  air  from  the  flame.  To  protect  the  face  from 
the  flames. 

In  nose  bleed,  to  raise  the  head  and  arms. 
To  press  on  the  nostril  from  which  the  blood  is 
coming.  That  a  small  piece  of  cotton  dipped  in 
very  weak  vinegar  or  lemon  juice  and  placed  in 
the  nostril  will  cause  the  bleeding  to  stop. 

Should  a  child  swallow  a  penny,  or  ring,  or 
other  small  things,  to  give  bread  and  potatoes; 
not  to  give  a  laxative,  or  purgative. 

If  a  child  has  convulsions,  to  put  it  in  a  warm 
bath  without  waiting  to  undress  it. 

For  snake  bite,  or  the  bite  of  a  dog,  tie  a 
string  above  the  bite,  wast  the  wound  with  clean 
water,  and  rub  carbolic  acid  or  luna  caustic  on  it. 

The  most  important  thing  that  the  Boy  Scout 
learns  is  that  common  sense  and  self-control  are 
two  of  the  best  things  to  possess. 

The  Boy  Scout  must  be  well  trained  to  use 
the  last  two  aids  for  the  benefit  of  the  injured. 


AN  INVITATION  131 

AN  INVITATION 

"What  do  you  say?"  said  the  Work  to  be  Done. 
"  Shall  we  start  bravely  together, 

Up  with  the  morning  sun, 

Sing,  whatever  the  weather?" 

Come,  little  busy  folks,  what  do  you  say? 

Let's  begin  fairly  together  to-day. 

Shall  we  keep  step  with  a  laugh  and  a  song 

All  through  the  runaway  morning  ? 

And  when  the  noontide  comes  speeding  along, 

Whistling  his  chorus  of  warning, 
"Then,"  said  the  Work  to  be  Done,  "let  us  see 

Who  has  kept  in  the  hurry  with  me?" 

Hark,  in  the  midst  of  the  long  afternoon, 

When  you  are  a  little  bit  weary, 

How  all  the  meadows  keep  sweetly  in  time, 

Toiling,  and  prattling  and  cheery. 
"What  do  you  say?"  said  the  Work  to  be  Done, 
"Shall  we  be  comrades  till  the  setting  of  sun?" 

— Selected. 


132  A  GREAT  FIGHT 

A  GREAT  FIGHT 

Tom,  Uncle  John  told  me  last  night  that  he 
was  going  to  make  a  hard  fight.  I  thought  he 
was  going  to  war.  He  could  not  tell  me  all 
about  this  fight  then,  because  some  one  came  for 
him>  to  go  to  see  a  sick  child. 

When  I  went  to  bed,  I  dreamed  Uncle  John 
was  a  soldier,  and  that  he  had  on  a  uniform,  and 
was  riding  away  on  a  big  black  horse.  In  my 
dream,  I  could  hear  the  bugle  blow.  Then  I 
dreamed  he  was  fighting  wild  beasts.  My  !  how 
hot  I  got  while  I  was  dreaming  this. 

This  morning,  when  I  told  Uncle  John  about 
my  dream,  he  said  he  was  going  to  fight  some- 
thing that  did  more  harm  than  wild  beasts.  He 
told  nie  that,  as  soon  as  I  helped  mother,  to  come 
over  to  his  office,  and  he  would  tell  me  all  about  it. 

I  could  scarcely  eat  my  breakfast  I  was  in 
such  a  hurry  to  learn  what  my  Uncle  John  was 
going  to  fight.  I  could  just  see  him  with  a  sword 
buckled  to  his  side,  getting  on  a  big  war-horse, 
galloping  off  to  the  music  of  fife  and  drum. 

After  breakfast,  I  ran  to  the  office.     "Well, 


A  GREAT  FIGHT  133 

my  boy/'  said  Uncle  John,  "you  have  come  to 
learn  about  the  big  fight  your  peace-loving  Uncle 
is  going  to  make.  I  am  fighting  for  others,  not 
for  myself,  and  I  hope  we  will  win  this  fight. 

"I  will  show  you  the  enemy,  he  is  in  ambush." 
My  eyes  were  wide  open  when  Uncle  said  that. 
Uncle  John  walked  quickly  over  to  a  shelf  and 
took  down  a  bottle  of  "  Soothing  Syrup  "  I  won- 
dered what  he  was  going  to  do,  when  he  returned 
and  said,  "This  bottle  holds  one  of  the  greatest 
enemies  of  little  innocent  children.  It  contains 
opium.  Opium  is  a  poison.  Little  babies  don't 
need  it.  Sometimes  a  mother  will  give  too  large  a 
dose,  and  kill  her  little  one.  The  mother  does  not 
know  that  the  'soothing'  part  of  the  syrup  is  opium. 

"The  English  people  have  told  the  makers  of 
such  stuff  that  they  must  take  the  opium  out  of  it, 
or  label  the  bottle  poison.  Much  of  this  kind  of 
medicine  is  sold.  The  people  do  not  know  how 
harmful  it  is.  "I  am  going  to  fight  this  enemy  of 
little  babies  to  the  last  ditch. 

"Some  of  the  well-known  captains  of  regi- 
ments of  these  fake  cures  are  known  as  'Com- 
pounds/ 'Bitters/  'Kidney  Cures/  'Cough  Cures/ 


134  A  GREAT  FIGHT 

'Asthma  Cures/  and  ' Liver  Regulators/  These 
are  mighty  captains,  and  flaunt  their  false  colors 
in  the  daily  newspapers  which  come  to  our  fire- 
sides. Many  of  them  contain  alcohol.  'Corn 
Cures '  and  'Skin  Foods '  are  little  corporals  in 
the  army  of  the  enemy. 

"The  great  generals  are  the  fake  consump- 
tion cures  which  are  advertised  in  so  many  daily 
papers  and  magazines.  Their  shot  and  shell  are 
the  most  dangerous,  because  they  attack  those 
already  weak.  They  rob  persons  of  the  judgment 
to  choose  such  allies  as  Fresh  Air,  Food  and  Rest. 
They  are  not  even  brave  soldiers — they  strike  the 
weak  and  ignorant. 

1  These,  my  boy,  are  the  enemies  I  am  going 
to  fight — in  the  trenches  and  out.  I  am  buck- 
ling on  my  armor  and  sword.  Will  you  join  me, 
and  help  to  put  down  quacks  and  patent  medicines 

of  all  kinds?  " 

QUESTIONS 

1.  Give  the  names  of  some  patent  medicines  you 
know. 

2.  What  do  nearly  all  patent  medicines  contain? 

3.  Will  you  promise  to  help  in  stopping  the  use  of 
patent  medicines? 


THE  FIVE  BEST  DOCTORS  135 

THE  FIYE  BEST  DOCTORS 

The  five  best  doctors  anywhere, 

And  no  one  can  deny  it, 
Are  Doctors  Sunshine,  Water,  Air, 

Exercise  and  Diet. 

These  five  will  gladly  you  attend, 

If  only  you  are  willing ; 
Tour  mind  they'll  cheer,  your  ills  they'll  mend, 

And  charge  you  not  one  shilling. 


GLOSSARY 

To  facilitate  the  pronunciation  of  the  words  in  this 
glossary  the  correct  syllabication  has  been  indi- 
cated. Of  course,  it  is  expected  that  the  teacher 
will  assist  the  pupil  where  any  difficult  combina- 
tions occur. 

Ac'ci  DENT — an  event  which  is  unexpected. 

AD'E  NOID — growth  between  the  back  of  the  nose  and 

the  mouth,  which  prevents  or  disturbs  breathing 

through  the  nose. 
A  JAR' — open. 
AL  LIES' — friends. 
AM'BUSH — secret  or  concealed  place  where  troops  lie 

in  wait  to  attack  unawares. 
AN'TI  TOX'IN — against  poison. 
AWN'ING — a  covering  stretched  upon  a  frame  and  used 

as  a  shelter  from  wind  or  sun. 

BAC  TE'RI  A — very  small  plants;  some  bacteria  cause 

disease. 
BOAST'ING — bragging. 

CAP'TAIN — a  leader. 

CAR'GO — load;  freight  carried  by  ships  or  other  vessels. 

CAR'PEN  TER — one  who  builds  houses,  ships,  etc. 

CEL/E  BRATE — to  keep  a  festival  holiday. 

CLEV'ER — having  skill;  good-natured. 

COL'O  NY — of,  or  pertaining  to,  a  colony  or  colonies;  the 

thirteen  British  colonies  which  formed  the  United 

States  of  America. 

136 


GLOSSARY  137 

CON'QUER — overpower;  win. 

CON  SUMP'TION — progressive  wasting  of  the  lungs. 

CON  TEMPT' — scorn;  to  despise. 

COR'PO  RALS — lower  officers  in  an  army. 

CRYS'TAL — pure,  transparent;  resembling  crystal. 

DE  STROY' — to  kill;  to  break  up  the  structure  of  a 

thing. 

Dis  AP  POINT' — defeated  of  expectation  or  hope. 
DRAG'ON — &  large  serpent;  legendary  animal. 
DREAD'NOUGHT — a  fearless  ship. 
DREAM — a   series   of   thoughts,    images   or   emotions 

occurring  during  sleep. 
DU'TY — that  which  is  required  by  one's  station  or 

occupation;   any  assigned  service  or  business. 

EN  GI  NEER' — one  who  manages  an  engine. 
ENG'LISH — the  people  of  England. 
ER'RAND — a  trip  to  carry  a  message  or  do  some  special 
business. 

FAKE — anything  prepared  for  the  purpose  of  deceiving; 

trick. 

FA'VOR — &  kind  act;  kindness. 
FEAST — a  meal  of  abundant  and  satisfying  food;  a  rich 

treat. 

FEE'BLE — weak  physically. 
FORE 'FA  THERS — one  who  comes  before  another  in  the 

line  of  direct  descent;  especially  a  male  ancestor. 
FREIGHT — goods  carried  from  one  place  to  another. 
FRE'QUENT  LY — at  short  intervals. 
FU'EL — anything  that  feeds  fire. 


138  GLOSSARY 

FUB'NACE — a  structure  in  which  heat  is  produced. 
FUB'NISH — to  provide;  to  give. 

GEN'EH,  AL — an  officer  who  commands  an  army  or  any 

body  of  troops. 
GIN — a  machine  for  separating  cotton  fibres  from  the 

seeds. 
GLAND — an  organ  of  the  body. 

HELMS'MAN — a  man  who  steers  a  boat. 
HOS'PIT  AL — SL  place  where  sick  and  afflicted  are  cared 
for. 

I'd  CLE — a  rod  of  ice  formed  by  the  freezing  of  drops 

of  dripping  water. 
IN'DI  AN — member  of  one  of  the  aboriginal  races  of 

North,  South  and  Central  America. 
IN  FECT'ED — to  taint;  to  contaminate;  to  give  disease. 
IN  I'TI  ATE — to  introduce. 
IN'JURED — damaged;  hurt. 
IN'NO  CENT — free  from;  clean;  pure. 
IN  TES'TINE — that  part  of  the  digestive  tube  below  the 

stomach;  bowel. 

JouR'NEY-^-passage  from  one  place  to  another. 

KNIGHT — a  man  of  gentle  birth,  bred  to  the  profession 
of  arms. 

LAX' A  TIVE — a  gentle  purgative,  having  the  power  to 
loosen  the  bowels. 

MA  LA'RI  A — (old  meaning,   bad  air),  a  disease,  the 
cause  of  which  is  carried  by  the  mosquitoes. 


GLOSSARY  139 

MEAD'OW — low  or  level  land  covered  with  grass. 

MER'CY — the  act  of  relieving  suffering. 

MI'CRO  SCOPE — a   magnifying   instrument  for   seeing 

very  small  objects,  such  as  germs. 
NEC'TAR — the  honey  of  plants. 
NO'BLE — a  man  of  lofty  lineage. 

O'PI  UM — a  poisonous  powder  gotten  from  the  poppy 

plant. 

OR'GAN — any  part  performing  a  special  work. 
OX'Y  GEN — &  chemical  substance  in  the  air  necessary 

to  life. 

PALE — lacking  in  color. 

PAS'TEUR — a  French  scientist  who  studied  and  told  us 

much  of  germs. 
Pi  AZ'ZA — a  porch. 

PLAGUE — a  disease  of  Asia,5  a  pestilence. 
POL  LUTE' — to  make  unclean. 
POI'SON — a  substance  taken  into  the  body  which  injures 

or  kills. 
PNEU  MO'NI  A — an  inflammation  of  the  lung  tissue, 

caused  by  a  germ. 
PUR'GA  TIV^E — a  medicine  which  purges  or  cleans  out 

the  alimentary  canal. 

QUACK — a  pretender  to  medical  skill. 

RAID — to  make  war  on. 

RA'TIONS — food;  a  ration;  amount  of  food  used. 

REG'I  MENT — a  body  of  soldiers. 

REIGN — to  preside  over§  to  rule. 

REL'A  TIVES — near  of  kin. 


UO  GLOSSARY 

ROY'AL — kingly  5  pertaining  to  kings. 
RUB'BISH — trash;  waste. 

SEARCH'LIGHT — a  powerful  light  used  on  ships. 

SMOTH'ERED — prevented  from  breathing. 

SOL'DIER — a  member  of  an  army. 

SOOTH'ING — to  make  quiet. 

SQUAD'RON — several  war  vessels  detailed  for  service. 

STIM'U  LANT — something  which  excites  or  spurs  on. 

TRENCH — &  large  ditch. 

TY'PHOID — a  long  slow  fever,  caused  by  a  germ,-  it  can 
be  prevented  by  cleanliness. 

U'NI  FORM — special    dress,    usually    with    braid    and 
buttons. 

VAC  ci  NA'TION — producing  a  mild  form  of  a  disease  to 

prevent  a  severe  form. 
VEINS — tubes  that  carry  blood  to  the  heart. 
VEN'TI  LATE — to  supply  with  fresh  air. 
VES'SEL — a  ship. 
VIC'TO  RY— act  of  overcoming  an  enemy  in  battle,  or 

an  opponent  in  a  contest. 
VIR  GIN'I  A — an  eastern  state  in  the  United  States. 

WARE'HOUSE — storehouse. 

WEAP'ON — any  implement  used  for  offense  or  defense. 

WHOLE'SOME — healthy. 

WIND'PIPE — a  tube  that  carries  the  air  from  the  throat 

to  the  lungs. 
WITH'ERED — dried  up. 

ZINC — a  metal. 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


